Electric meters are subject to periodic verification. According to the "Rules for the Use of Electric and Thermal Energy", the inter-calibration interval should be no more than four years for devices used in the ASKUE system (we will discuss this system later) and at least eight years for local electricity meters. Therefore, according to these standards, electricity meters must be periodically dismantled and attorneys installed instead.

It would seem that there is nothing complicated about this. But imagine that you need to replace the electric meter on a feeder, the disconnection of which is problematic for several reasons. For example, due to the continuity of the process.

Is it possible to make sure that a replacement is made without disconnecting consumers and at the same time in strict accordance with the Safety Rules? ...

Heating cables - a specific type of cable products that convert electrical energy into heat for heating and perform the function of a receiver of electrical energy, rather than a transmission line. Heating cables are significantly different from ordinary cables and wires, the purpose of which is to transmit electrical energy with the least loss and with a slight voltage drop not the line length (usually not more than 5%).

The heating cable is used as heating sections, i.e. segments of a certain length, and at this length there is a complete drop in the applied voltage. Therefore, the heating section should be considered as a conventional receiver of electrical energy (as one of the types of electric heating elements) ...

An ECG is an electrocardiogram, a recording of the electrical signals of the heart. The fact that a potential difference arises in the heart upon excitation was shown as early as 1856, during the Dubois-Reymond era. The experiment proving this was set by Kelliker and Muller exactly according to Galvani’s recipe: a nerve running to the frog’s foot was laid on an isolated heart, and this “living voltmeter” responded with a jerking of the paw to each heart beat.

With the advent of sensitive electrical measuring instruments, it has become possible to capture the electrical signals of a working heart by applying electrodes not directly to the heart muscle, but to the skin.

In 1887, it was for the first time possible to register a human ECG in this way. This was done by the English scientist A. Waller using a capillary electrometer ...

Despite the indisputable successes of the modern theory of electromagnetism, the creation on its basis of such areas as electrical engineering, radio engineering, electronics, there is no reason to consider this theory complete. The main drawback of the existing theory of electromagnetism is the lack of model concepts, a lack of understanding of the essence of electrical processes; hence the practical impossibility of further development and improvement of the theory. And from the limitations of the theory, many applied difficulties also follow.

There are no grounds for believing the theory of electromagnetism to be the height of perfection. In fact, the theory has accumulated a number of omissions and direct paradoxes for which very unsatisfactory explanations have been invented, or there are no such explanations at all.

For example, how to explain that two mutually motionless identical charges, which are supposed to be repelled from each other according to the Coulomb law, are actually attracted if they move together a relatively long-abandoned source? ...

Attention factor affects the outcome of electrical injuries

The unresolved issue of what is primarily caused by fatal electric trauma - damage to the respiratory system or cardiac arrest, is largely due to the enormous role of the central nervous system, which unexpectedly confuses our ideas about the mechanism of action of electric current. In some cases, the central nervous system forces an irreversible development of pathological changes, in others, on the contrary, it creates defensive (protective) lines against them.

Experimental electrical trauma cannot provide an unambiguous interpretation of these mysterious circumstances. The main object of study is too complex - the person, and therefore the transfer of data obtained during the experimental electric trauma caused to the model, i.e., to the animal, is too conditional. It is conditional first of all because such a transfer does not take into account the state of the central nervous system of a person, the most important role of which in the outcome of electric shock is beyond doubt ...

Most vehicles need shock absorbing suspensions to ensure smooth ride. The exception is air cushion devices (WUAs), but they have to pay for the softness of the need to continuously pump a huge amount of air. Therefore, Daedalus is trying to construct a new mode of transport, which occupies an intermediate position between wheeled transport and WUAs.

Daedalus’s car (the prototype of which was a vibratory conveyor) has instead of wheels special runners, or “shoes”, installed along the entire length of the device and performing fast vertical vibrations, so that the vehicle moves forward as if with quick short jumps.

If the shoes are sufficiently elastic (for example, made from the wonderful rubber used to make baby balls), then the energy loss will be small and the power spent on movement will be small.

The speeds of the new transport, which can be considered as a logical development of the principle ...

This article is for guidance only. The author is not responsible for any damage caused to the reader after reading it.

To begin with, everything in our computer works only because voltage, current is supplied to it :). Because of this, a number of processes and mechanisms are occurring, but we will not go deep. Where does this tension come from? Of course, from the Power Supply Unit (PSU). Its power is expressed in watts (watts).

Typically, power supplies go at least 250W, now they are increasingly installing a 300-350W power supply. Depends on its power, how many devices can be connected to your PC. In addition, there is such an indicator as the current strength in the circuit. But, as a rule, even in low-power PSUs there is a rather large current strength and this issue should not bother you. Also, power supplies can be of 2 types: AT or ATX. AT was used on older systems; ATX now dominates. Well, let's get down to electrical work ...

First, a little about yourself. I am an electrician by profession. He worked for seven years in the housing office. We have such an ominous organization. Now the specifics of my work are a little different, but, nevertheless, questions on the topic "a real electrician's knife" still concern me. So about the specifics. That is, about what makes the situation unique.

Knives are different. Electricians are also different. I am writing about those electricians (strictly speaking - electricians) who work with a voltage of 220/380 volts with networks of 200 amperes or less. Those. Typical household and zheksky fitters. I won’t lie about other electricians - there’s another story. So here. It’s unlikely that anyone will be very interested in hearing about the installers themselves or the ZhEKs, but reading the super-knife of an electrician can be fun ...

Once in a second-hand bookstore, I came across a book by I. Perelman “Entertaining Physics” of the 1924 edition. Printed on brown paper (and where did the good paper come from after the Civil War), it had a subtitle - "Paradoxes, puzzles, tasks, experiments, intricate questions and stories from the field of physics." This subtitle in subsequent editions from the childhood of the well-known book for some reason has disappeared. Just for the sake of curiosity, I wanted to find out what has changed in the book over the past 75 years. After all, at home I had the twenty-second edition of this widely known student youth book. But science and technology during this time did not stagnate.

My interest in Ya.I. Perelman was heated by the recently published book of G.I. Mishkevich about the life and work of an outstanding popularizer of science. “The singer of mathematics, the bard of physics, the poet of astronomy” was widely in demand in the country, recently agrarian and backward, and had just begun its journey into the number of advanced and cultural states of the world. And the role of Perelman in this development was far from the last. In his books, witty amusement, scientific certainty and even grace, even in his school years, helped the most talented part of the young generation to choose their future life path in the service of science.

In a biography book, it was somehow noted in passing that Ya.I. Perelman in 1916 worked at a special meeting of the Russian government on fuel and, “in connection with the deplorable state of wood heating in Petrograd,” he proposed to switch to summer time for the first time in our country. The fact that by using the clock hands to save energy on lighting has long been known to everyone. But how firewood was saved, I could not understand.

This fact interested me so much that I decided to ask the author of the biography book about it. Moreover, in one of the stories of the book I bought, when calculating the energy consumption for a lightning discharge, the data between Perelman and subsequent editions, released after the death of the popularizer, differed almost a hundred times!

A letter was sent and the reply came and put everything in its place. As for saving firewood, the explanation was very clear ...

From the point of view of chemical technology, washing dishes is a very uneconomical process: to wash off a little dirt, a huge amount of water is consumed. Even more egregious examples of wastefulness are washing and bathing, and many industrial processes are even worse.

Each dirt particle is enveloped in a layer of detergent molecules (detergent), which holds it in suspension in a liquid, so that this expensive product ultimately also goes into a drain pipe.

In search of saving measures, Daedalus recalled electroplating - the method of applying metal coatings by electrolytic deposition of metal on the surface of a product. Similarly, Daedalus argues, dirt from the cleaning solution can settle on the corresponding electrode.

As the electrode becomes covered with a film of dirt, the detergent molecules will be released - so we get a clean, foamy detergent solution suitable for reuse ...

Before installing the meter, it is necessary to draw up a wiring diagram. The meter prepared for installation is subjected to external inspection. The counter is cleared of dirt and dust; the suitability of the meter is checked by its type and technical characteristics; the presence of state verification seals on the screws securing the casing is checked.

The seals indicate the year and quarter of the state verification, as well as the stigma of the state witness.Installed three-phase meters must have state verification seals no more than 12 months old, the integrity of the casing and glass, the presence of all screws in the junction box, the presence of fixing screws with holes for sealing in the lid of the junction box, the presence of a circuit on its inside should be checked. Here I want to emphasize the following point - purely by chance on the counter there may be a cover from another type of device, therefore I strongly advise you not to navigate only with this circuit!

The counter, like any measuring device, should be protected from shock and shock. They can cause damage to the supports, curvature of the axis and, as a result, an increase in error and even mashing of the moving part. Before installing the meter, you must ...

The economic efficiency of using thermoelectric refrigerators in comparison with other types of refrigerating machines increases the more, the smaller the volume of the cooled volume. Therefore, the most rational at the present time is the use of thermoelectric cooling for household refrigerators, in food liquid coolers, air conditioners, in addition, thermoelectric cooling is successfully used in chemistry, biology and medicine, metrology, as well as in commercial cold (maintaining the temperature in refrigerators) , refrigeration transport (refrigerators), and other areas

The effect of the appearance of thermoEMF in soldered conductors is widely known in the art, the contacts (junctions of junctions) between which are maintained at different temperatures (Seebeck effect). In the case when a constant current is passed through a circuit of two dissimilar materials, one of the junctions starts to heat up, and the other starts to cool. This phenomenon is called the thermoelectric effect or the Peltier effect ...