In this article we will consider the basic schemes for switching on single-phase and three-phase electric meters. I want to note right away that the switching circuits of induction and electronic electric meters are absolutely identical.

The mounting holes for fixing both types of electric meters should also be exactly the same, however, some manufacturers do not always adhere to this requirement, therefore, sometimes there may be problems installing an electronic electric meter instead of induction in terms of mounting on the panel.

The clamps of the current windings of electric meters are indicated by the letters G (generator) and N (load). In this case, the generator clamp corresponds to the beginning of the winding, and the load clip corresponds to its end.

When connecting the meter, it is necessary to ensure that the current through the current windings passes from their beginnings to the ends. To do this, the wires from the power supply side must be connected to the generator terminals (terminals G) of the windings, and the wires extending from the meter to the load side must be connected to the load terminals (terminals H) ...

Daedalus is the pseudonym for the English scientist David Jones. For many years he led the Daedalus column in New Scientist magazine, where he shared his ideas and inventions with readers of the magazine.

Daedalus’s inventive fantasy is always based on scientific reality. And strangely enough, approximately 17% of inventions in one form or another were subsequently taken seriously, patented, implemented, and some, as it turned out, had already been implemented before! Some of Daedalus’s ideas published in the magazine were demonstrated “in practice” - in television popular science programs ...

The homopolar theory of terrestrial magnetism states that in the convection currents of molten iron moving in the Earth’s core under the influence of the planet’s magnetic field, an electric current arises, which in turn supports this field.

Daedalus sees the existence of these currents as a key to solving the energy problem - you just need to lower the electrodes so deep as to connect to the deep currents ...

In the beginning of the twentieth century, fierce debates between specialists over the advantages and disadvantages of using direct and alternating current circuits for power supply. It so happened that preference was given to three-phase AC circuits. Industrialists, calculating the volume of capital costs for the creation of power supply systems, have chosen, it would seem, the most optimal option.

The decisive role in the ubiquity of three-phase AC networks was played by the simplicity of obtaining torque with a minimum number of phases. Against direct current, such arguments were put forward as the high cost and low reliability of engines, the complexity of energy conversion. But that was then. What now? The practical experience gained over many years of the development of the electric power industry gives, in my opinion, devastating results.

The first one. From the course of the theoretical foundations of electrical engineering it is known that in order to transfer maximum power to the load in alternating current circuits, the condition of equal source resistance to line resistance and load resistance must be met. It follows that the theoretically achievable efficiency for AC circuits is 33% ...

An electronic counter is a converter of an analog signal to a pulse repetition rate, the calculation of which gives the amount of energy consumed.

The main advantage of electronic meters compared to induction ones is the absence of rotating elements. In addition, they provide a wider range of input voltages, make it easy to organize multi-tariff metering systems, and have a retrospective mode - i.e. allow you to see the amount of energy consumed for a certain period - usually monthly; they measure power consumption, easily fit into the configuration of ASKUE systems and have many more additional service functions.

A variety of these functions lies in the software of the microcontroller, which is an indispensable attribute of a modern electronic electricity meter.

Structurally, the electric meter consists of a housing with a terminal block, a current measuring transformer and a printed circuit board on which all electronic components are installed.

The main components of a modern electronic meter are ...

The need to establish electrical equipment is not as obvious as, say, the need to mount it. And the results of the adjustment are not so tangible, tangible as during installation. It would seem that it is simpler: apply voltage to the mounted electrical equipment and, by pressing a button, put it into action.

However, this can only be done in the simplest cases, for example, when lighting is turned on in residential buildings; in the vast majority, electrical circuits after installation are subject to adjustment.

First of all, the electrical equipment must be checked. This is explained by the fact that during the manufacture, transportation and installation of equipment and apparatus, their damage, deviations from the project, latent defects and, finally, just errors, especially when making connections in complex circuits, are possible. If you neglect the check, the result is likely to be a failure in work or a serious accident.

In commissioning, the sequence of operations is of great importance. First, they study the design and technical documentation for the electrical equipment of the launch complex, which is usually represented by the capital construction department of the customer enterprise. Then check the completeness of equipment delivery, compliance with its design. At the same time, the installers do not just get acquainted with the design solutions, but also identify shortcomings and errors of the circuit diagrams and correct the wiring diagrams if they are not consistent with the principal ...

The first association that comes to mind with the phrase “smart home” is the automatic inclusion of light in a room when a person appears there and the automatic lighting off when people leave this room. In this article I will give detailed instructions on how to create such an automatic inclusion of light with your own hands, making your home a little smarter.

To implement this idea, the LX-01 motion sensor was taken. The principle of its action is simple - when there is movement in the detection zone, it closes the circuit, thereby including devices connected to it. In the absence of movement, the circuit automatically opens, turning off all devices.

The motion sensor also has the ability to configure, there are three of them - the time interval for switching off, the level of illumination and sensitivity. The time interval for shutdown sets the time during which the sensor will work since the last motion detection. Values ​​are set between 5 seconds and approximately 2 minutes ...

In 1951, the English scientist Lissman studied the behavior of the fish of the gymnasium. This fish lives in opaque opaque water in the lakes and swamps of Africa and therefore cannot always use sight for orientation. Lissman suggested that these fish, like bats, are used for orientation echolocation.

The amazing ability of bats to fly in complete darkness, without bumping into obstacles, was discovered a long time ago, in 1793, that is, almost simultaneously with the discovery of Galvani. Did it Lazaro Spallanzani - Professor at the University of Pavia (the one where Volta worked). However, experimental evidence that bats emit ultrasounds and are guided by their echoes was obtained only in 1938 at Harvard University in the USA, when physicists created equipment for recording ultrasounds.

Having tested the ultrasonic hypothesis of the orientation of the gymnast experimentally, Lissman rejected it. It turned out that the gymnarch is oriented somehow differently. Studying the behavior of the gymnast, Lissman found out that this fish has an electric organ and begins to generate very weak current discharges in opaque water. Such a current is not suitable for either defense or attack. Then Lissman suggested that the gymnarch should have special organs for the perception of electric fields - sensor system ...

The author is most afraid that the inexperienced reader will not read the heading further. He believes the definition terms anode and cathode Every competent person knows that, solving a crossword puzzle, when asked about the name of the positive electrode, he immediately writes the word anode and everything fits in the cells. But there are not many things that are worse than half-knowledge.

Recently, in the Google search engine, in the “Questions and Answers” ​​section, I even found a rule by which its authors suggest remembering the definition of electrodes. Here it is:

«Cathode - negative electrode anode is positive. And remembering this is easiest if you count the letters in words. IN cathode as many letters as in the word “minus”, and in anode respectively, as much as in the term “plus”. The rule is simple, memorable, one would have to offer it to schoolchildren if it were correct. Although the desire of teachers to put knowledge in the heads of students using mnemonics (the science of memorization) is very commendable. But back to our electrodes.

To begin with, we take a very serious document, which is the LAW for science, technology, and, of course, school. It "GOST 15596-82. SOURCES OF THE CURRENT CHEMICAL. Terms and Definitions". There, on page 3, you can read the following: “The negative electrode of a chemical current source is an electrode that, when discharged, is anode". The same thing, “A positive electrode of a chemical current source is an electrode that, when discharged, is cathode". (Terms are highlighted by me. BH). But the texts of the rule and GOST contradict each other. What is the matter? ...

When the type or data of the transformer is not known, the number of turns of each winding can be determined using a multimeter.

Using an ohmmeter, determine the location of the terminals of all the transformer windings. If there are gaps between the coil and the magnetic circuit, an additional winding is wound over the windings with a thin wire. The more turns the winding has, the more accurate the measurement results will be.

If there is no space on the transformer coil for an additional winding, then instead of an additional winding, you can use part of the outer winding. To do this, carefully open the outer insulation layer of the coil in order to gain access to the last layer of the winding, made, as usual, turn to turn. A number of turns are counted from the end of this winding in the “naked” layer. Carefully clean the enamel of the last counted turn.

When measuring, one probe of the voltmeter is connected to the end of the winding, the needle is clamped in the other probe. An ohmmeter measures the resistance of all windings, a winding with high resistance is primary.

In the case when there are still windings with high resistance, one of the windings with low resistance is taken as the primary one and a low alternating voltage is applied to it, for example ...

The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by the American scientist Edwin Herbert Hall. Its essence is as follows. If a current is passed through a conductive plate and a magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the plate, then the voltage appears in the direction transverse to the current (and the direction of the magnetic field): Uh = (RhHlsinw) / d, where Rh is the Hall coefficient, which depends on the material of the conductor; H is the magnetic field strength; I is the current in the conductor; w is the angle between the direction of the current and the magnetic field induction vector (if w = 90 °, sinw = 1); d is the thickness of the material.

The Hall sensor has a slotted design. A semiconductor is located on one side of the slot, through which current flows when the ignition is turned on, and on the other hand, a permanent magnet.

In a magnetic field, moving electrons are affected by a force. The force vector is perpendicular to the direction of both the magnetic and electric components of the field.

If a semiconductor wafer (for example, from indium arsenide or indium antimonide) is introduced into a magnetic field through induction into an electric current, then a potential difference arises on the sides, perpendicular to the direction of the current. Hall voltage (Hall EMF) is proportional to current and magnetic induction.

There is a gap between the plate and the magnet. In the gap of the sensor is a steel screen. When there is no screen in the gap, a magnetic field acts on the semiconductor plate and the potential difference is removed from it. If there is a screen in the gap, then the magnetic lines of force close through the screen and do not act on the plate, in this case, the potential difference does not occur on the plate.

The integrated circuit converts the potential difference created on the plate into negative voltage pulses of a certain value at the output of the sensor. When the screen is in the gap of the sensor, there will be voltage at its output, if there is no screen in the gap of the sensor, then the voltage at the sensor output is close to zero ...

In the article, the author shares his experience in the restoration of chokes, which are part of industrial devices for supplying linear fluorescent lamps. Prices for these chokes can be higher than for fluorescent lamps. Unfortunately, acquiring the required copy of the throttle can be difficult, especially in the "outback. Yes, and it is not always possible to place the product that is offered on the market in the chandelier (shade) of a fluorescent lamp. It can be cheaper, easier and faster to restore an old defective throttle than acquiring new.

And Tesla said: Let there be light. And the light became. And Tesla saw the light that he was good. And Tesla separated the wire from the outlet. ~ Genesis of Electromagnetism about Nikola Tesla

Coca-Cola with Pepsi-Cola is impossible without Nikola! ~ George W. Bush about Nikola Tesla in his school essay

He’s just an asshole! I would try to make at least half of what I sketched on paper! ~ Leonardo da Vinci about Nicola Tesla in his memoirs

He was panicky afraid of germs, constantly washing his hands, and in hotels demanded up to 18 towels a day. If a fly was sitting on the table during dinner, forcing the waiter to bring a new order. ~ Wikipedia about the criteria for the genius of Nikola Tesla

We are not stokers, not carpenters! ~ Nikola Tesla about her calling

Commencing shock therapy! ~ Tesla infantryman about the precepts of Nikola Tesla

Zadolbal Winchester spoil! ~ Carmack about Tesla meteorite

Wah! Wah! ~ Cthulhu about Tesla

I have a direct current, and it has a curve. He's definitely a plow! ~ Edison on how Tesla muddied AC

Kvass - not a stake, drink to Nikol! Any “chemistry” is a boycott! Drink to Nikol all year round! ~ Nikola Tesla about Kvass “Nikola”

Nikola Tesla (aka Samodelkin, Ukrainian. Mikola Tesla, Alb. Niccolo Teslo, 1856 - ????) - a famous inventor, a mad scientist, the second rector of LETI and just a Serb born in Croatia, who worked for the USSR, while being in the USA. Ethnic Albanian by passport; Slovenian in reality; Kyrgyz in the shower. Pioneer, October and Komsomolets of all electrical engineering and radio physics.

It was brought to Earth from the depths of space by the Tunguska meteorite, although all sorts of non-authoritative sources claim that, on the contrary, it brought the Tunguska meteorite to Earth. He entered the history of physics and science fiction as the very first of the Jedi, who mastered the Force in full and learned how to transmit lightnings generated by the Force over long distances. Tesla's numerous inventions were further disseminated in the national economy and military affairs of both the Jedi and the Sith. Made (exclusively for lulz) TeslaYolku, Costume Electrician and VibroTank for the military industry. He took part in the USSR’s secret plans for conducting internationalist sabotage operations in Parallel Worlds, for which, when the Americans conducted the Rainbow experiment, he was transferred to Cyberspace, where he actively helped the USSR destroy the world, which we see on our screens in these your Red Alerts. No one knows if he participated in the hostilities directly and whether he returned from Cyberspace to our real world, but everyone knows very well what he designed there.

Among the now living students and envious of Tesla are such interesting personalities as ...