Hard disk drives are so familiar elements of computers that when bundling a new system unit, difficulties arise only with the choice of the manufacturer. The capacity of modern hard drives exceeds all conceivable needs for storing programs and data and allows you to create a reserve "for growth". Forecasts about their imminent “death” and replacement with SSDs have remained forecasts for many years.

The design of hard drives was implemented in the 50s and basically has not changed until today. The first disk was released in 1956 and its contemporaries were radio tubes, phonograph records and punch cards for data input. Transistors existed only in the form of laboratory samples; microchips, especially microprocessors, had not even dreamed of. Since that time, magnetic tape drives, noisy perforators, floppy disks have gone into oblivion.

An electrician in the course of his professional activity very often has to perform many complex calculations of various parameters of electrical systems, depict electrical circuits, choose various equipment. This work is time consuming. There are many useful programs for electricians, which are designed to calculate various parameters, drawing circuits, etc.

The main goal of these programs is to greatly simplify the work of an electrician, minimizing the time spent on performing calculations or drawing diagrams, which is often faced by an electrical engineer. In this article, we will consider the most common programs for electricians. We begin the review of programs with the multifunctional program "Electric". The capabilities of this program are very wide. So, in this program you can ...

Currently, this problem is solved quite easily. On any radio market, for starters, you will have to buy several screwdrivers (a set is better), to turn it off - tighten the M2.5 screws - 6, wire cutters - side cutters, and of course a soldering iron. At first, an ordinary soldering iron with a capacity of 25 - 40W with a copper sting. Such a soldering iron can be called educational. If such a soldering iron is supplemented with a simple power regulator, then practically anything can be soldered.

If soldering with this soldering iron will turn out “perfectly and perfectly”, and it will not just be abandoned, then the next step can be considered the purchase of a real branded soldering iron, for example, “Weller” with a fireproof tip and a temperature setter. Any soldering iron will need solder, POS-61, and flux are best. At first, an ordinary pine rosin is enough, which should be transparent and light ...

We encounter electrical outlets every day, so it is very important that they are convenient and reliable. A lot depends on the correct choice of the outlet. Firstly, it is an opportunity to fully satisfy their needs in the inclusion of electrical household appliances. In addition, its service life depends on the correct choice of the socket.

When a person does not know the basic rules that must be followed when choosing an outlet, he often faces the problem of frequent failure of outlets. Perhaps, in this case, the outlet simply does not correspond to the actual load parameters of the household appliances that are included in it. Therefore, you need to know how to choose a quality outlet. We will talk about how to do this correctly in this article. At the moment, the range of sockets is very large.In this case, your task is to choose a quality outlet ...

LED strip is one of the most popular sources of LED lighting. The LED strip is structurally composed of many surface-type SMD LEDs that are located on a flexible base. This base also serves as a conductor of electrical energy. How does an LED strip connect to a household network? In this article, we will consider the question of how the power of LED strips occurs.

As a rule, LED strips are designed for a nominal voltage of 12 volts. Each element of the tape is designed for 4 volts, respectively, in an LED strip, every three LEDs are connected in series, because when connected in series, the supply voltage of several elements is equal to the sum of the voltages of each of the elements. With a parallel connection, the voltage is equal to all connected elements ...

The modern assortment of wires and cables is quite wide. The buyer is presented with a large assortment of cable and wire products of various designs of cores, as well as with different insulation coatings. As a rule, all conductors and cables are specially marked, which shows the characteristics of a product. Below is a breakdown of the most common brands of wires and cables.

Electrical cables and wires are marked with letters and numbers. Consider the letter abbreviations, that is, the marking that is used to designate cables with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rubber insulation in accordance with GOST 16442-80, TU 16.K71-335-2004, TU16.71-277-98. “A” (first letter) - indicates the material of the core, in this case aluminum, and in the absence of this letter the material is copper ...

What can happen with a circuit breaker? Circuit breakers, like any other technical device, often fail. Among the possible reasons for this may be the systematic actuation of thermal protection and work at the limit of possibilities in general. In addition, there are cases when the device is not able to keep its setting after the first operation of the thermal release (not to be confused with the electromagnetic, that is, instantaneous release!). With such a malfunction, by the way, the machine outwardly will not be any different from its serviceable counterparts.

Very often, contact clamps and cases of modular circuit breakers burn out with insufficiently reliable electrical contact. Several untwisted conductors of different sections cannot be clamped well enough. There may be a screw defect in the clamping screw that does not allow the connection to be tightened properly ...

Maybe many people noticed that in winter, at temperatures below minus 10, thawed patches appear on bright asphalt, and the water sparkles in the sun. So the temperature of the surface of the road or sidewalk does not match the temperature of the air?

A bit of physics: the solar radiation spectrum covers the range from the ultraviolet region to infrared, thermal radiation. In fact, this spectrum is much wider, but our atmosphere and the magnetic “screen” of the Earth regularly protect the planet and its inhabitants from the fierce flow of energy from the Sun.

And now we will return to the phenomenon at the beginning of the article, we will figure out what practical application it can find. All the heat that we receive from the Sun is transmitted by radiation, i.e. radiation. Each object (surface) perceives this radiation in a different way. Light materials and objects absorb heat rays weakly ...