A motion sensor is most often used to turn on lighting when you walk or are near it. With it, you can save electricity and save yourself the trouble of flipping a switch. This device is also used in alarm systems to detect unwanted intrusions. In addition, they can be found on production lines, they are needed there for the automated execution of any technological tasks. Motion sensors are sometimes called occupancy sensors.

Motion sensors distinguish according to the principle of action, their work, accuracy of operation and features of use depend on this. Each of them has strengths and weaknesses. The final price of such a sensor also depends on the design and type of element used. The motion sensor can be made in one housing and in different buildings (the control unit is separate from the sensor). The easiest option for a motion sensor is to use a limit switch or a reed switch ...

Each designer secretly dreams that robots quickly, accurately and accurately make drawings, and a person receives a fabulous salary for this. Such automation is still a long way off, but it’s quite possible to alleviate your work by reducing the time spent on preparing projects and related documentation. Four useful programs and one smartphone app to help!

The SmartLine 1.9 plugin is an AutoCad palette with sample projects. The engineer drags the necessary supports to the drawing, or they are placed automatically along the line route. Additionally, the program calculates intersections with engineering structures, creates statements of supports, trenches and works, as well as cable logs. Documentation can be exported to Excel and Writer, which facilitates the work of not only the designer, but also the estimator.The composition of all nodes is based on a ready-made database of drawings and typical solutions of the most popular fittings for SIP...

Everyone who in the days of the Soviet Union dealt with a soldering iron knows firsthand the rosin. However, today, when soldering fluxes are used everywhere, rosin for soldering is used less and less. But rosin is used not only for soldering. Let's remember what rosin is in general, where it comes from and where else it is used.

Rosin or colophon resin got its name from the ancient Greek city of Colophon, where a special pine resin was highly valued by musicians in its time. Rosin itself is a rather fragile amorphous substance of a glassy structure with a characteristic glass luster. The color of the rosin can be from light yellow to dark red. As a component, rosin is found in coniferous resins, and consists mainly of the carboxylic acids of the phenanthrene series and their isomers. The raw material for the production of rosin was originally ...

The current popularity of LED light sources used in everyday life, at manufacturing enterprises and in street lighting systems, is explained by their many advantages: economy, environmental friendliness, and another important property - minimal pulsations of the emitted light. Let's look at this aspect in more detail. Why is the nature of the pulsations of the light flux so important for people?

At all times of the existence of human civilization, the Sun has always remained the main source of light on earth. At night - the moon.But it was the sunlight of the eye and the human nervous system that learned to perceive more comfortably than even light from a fire, a lamp or a candle, and even more so from other specially created sources. A person’s need to conduct an active and productive life activity in the dark, forced him to look for alternative light sources ...

Technologies in the field of power electronics are constantly being improved: relays become solid-state, bipolar transistors and thyristors are being replaced more and more extensively by field effect transistors, new materials are developed and applied in capacitors, etc. - active technological evolution is definitely visible everywhere, which does not stop for a year . What is the reason for this?

This is obviously due to the fact that at some point the manufacturers are not able to satisfy the consumers' demands for the capabilities and quality of power electronic equipment: the relay sparks and burns contacts, bipolar transistors require too much power to control, power units are unacceptably a lot of space, etc. Manufacturers compete among themselves - who will be the first to offer the best alternative ...? So there were field MOSFET transistorsthanks to which management ...

The Mendocino Motor is named after the Mendocino County, on the coast of California, USA. Here lives the inventor Larry Spring, who on July 4, 1994 invented this motor. This model stood for a long time on the windowsill of Larry’s shop, and after a while it became a real attraction of the district, because the rotor rotated and rotated, being suspended literally in the air.

Spring motor, like any other motor, consists of a rotor and a stator. However, the Mendocino motor is not an ordinary motor. The stator of the Mendocino motor is a stand with a permanent magnet and with a magnetic support, and the rotor is a dielectric frame with a set of solar panels mounted on top of coils wound around a rotor levitating above the magnetic supports. Photons of sunlight activate solar panels, which in turn generate an electric current, itgoes through coils wound around the rotor ...

Wind generators based on horizontal axis turbines are not the only possible solution for the high-quality conversion of wind energy into electricity. There are other designs that sometimes show greater efficiency than axial turbines. An example of such an alternative design is a Daria vertical rotor wind generator.

This unusual solution was proposed back in 1931 by the French aircraft designer Georges Darier, who set himself the task of creating such a wind generator that would work in any direction of the wind, without requiring strict orientation. It was proposed to position the rotor of the generator together with narrow blades vertically, so that in both light and strong winds, a significant part of the air flow would not encounter significant aerodynamic drag, but would directly press on the working surfaces of the blades, leading to their rotation ...

Normal air conditioning or inverter? Which one to choose? It all depends on your needs. Although these units resemble each other in appearance, and their control panels are similar, however, there are significant functional differences.

It is these differences that make the inverter unit as a whole more productive, economical, and at the same time more expensive.But this does not mean at all that a conventional (non-inverter) air conditioner is in demand only because of its cheapness. On the contrary, each type of air conditioner has its own, most appropriate and suitable application. The inverter air conditioner is designed for continuous operation, while a conventional air conditioner is designed for cyclical operation. What does it mean for cyclic? This means that a regular air conditioner, when turned on, immediately starts to give out full power until the room temperature set by the settings is reached ...

An ordinary non-dimmable LED lamp, if we are talking about a quality product, contains in its basement a miniature step-down converter for mains voltage, the so-called pulsed DC-DC converter.

The task of this unit is to obtain an alternating mains voltage (220-230 volts), first rectify it into a constant voltage, and then convert this constant voltage to a low constant voltage at the lamp output, and the magnitude of the received output voltage must exactly match the installed load, i.e. a chain of LEDs, which stands in this particular lamp. This step-down DC-DC converter inside a non-dimmable LED lamp has a stabilized output, which means that with any deviation (within reasonable limits) of the current value of the supply voltage from ordinary 220-230 volts, the output will still be ...

During magnetization reversal of magnetic materials by an alternating magnetic field, part of the energy of the magnetic field involved in the magnetization reversal is lost. A specific part of the power, which is called “specific magnetic loss”, is dissipated per unit mass of a certain magnetic material in the form of heat.

Specific magnetic losses include dynamic losses as well as hysteresis losses. Dynamic losses include losses caused by eddy currents and magnetic viscosity. Losses due to magnetic hysteresis are explained by irreversible movements of domain boundaries. Each magnetic material has its own hysteresis loss proportional to the frequency of the magnetizing magnetizing field, as well as the area of ​​the hysteresis loop of this material. To reduce hysteresis losses, they most often resort to the use of ...

Now so-called smart devices are very popular. In most cases, their main function is the ability to remotely turn on and off via the Internet or mobile network. But also with the help of various solutions it is possible to implement remote control of the outlet, respectively, and any electrical equipment. In this article we will look at ways to solve this problem.

Using a radio relay, they usually operate at a frequency of 315 or 433 MHz. This option is interesting in that it allows you to embed the module both in the device that you will control and in the junction box. Radio relay come with a different number of channels and its good versatility and ease of implementation of the project as a result. The disadvantage is the range. Wi-Fi sockets and relays are also easy to use and versatile. There are many smart sockets on the market, which are an adapter that can be installed in a regular socket ...

Nothing lasts forever in this world, and circuit breakers that operate in home electrical panels sooner or later fail. Problems with power supply begin, they constantly knock out or do not work at all. In this article I will tell you how to choose the right machine for replacing the old one in the electrical panel.To prevent the statements of "experts" about the style of presentation, I will note in advance that it is aimed at a home master who wanted to re-energize an electrical panel.

To begin, consider how to determine the health of the machine and the reasons for which malfunctions arise. There are 5 main problems with circuit breakers in switchboards, if we consider them at the household level and in simple language, of course. False alarms and trips at the same load. The check box of the machine does not cock when trying to turn on, jammed, or returns to the disabled state. The switch case has become charred, blackened or led ...