Our country has always been famous for engineers and inventors. In Soviet times, engineers had almost the highest qualifications in the world. During the Soviet Union, a system of professional technical and education was very well developed. The profession of a worker and technical specialist in importance and respect was one of the first places.

The perestroika and collapse of the USSR with a protracted economic crisis, and changes in public values ​​led to a reduction in vocational schools and significantly reduced the number of young specialists in the electrical field. All note a shortage of technical personnel. Enterprises require thousands of specialists in technical positions. However, it is very difficult to find personnel of the claimed high qualification. A serious shortage of highly qualified specialists in the electrical industry is an ever-growing problem ...

To date, no overhaul can do without a wiring device and electrical equipment. Even if you plan to carry out cosmetic repairs, and at the same time live in an old-style house, then you just need to replace the electrical wiring. This is due to the fact that the installation of electrical equipment and wires was carried out in the old rooms, designed for loads that are considered insignificant by modern standards.

In the sixties of the last century, no one could even think that they would need an electric cable that would withstand the load of many simultaneously connected various electrical appliances. A huge TV, a powerful computer, a refrigerator, air conditioning, an electric kettle, a vacuum cleaner - and this is not a complete list of electrical equipment that are today an integral part ...

Water will find a hole. This proverb is known to all. The most important thing is that it is confirmed, albeit not very often, but the consequences can be the most deplorable. Here we will talk about what the leakage of water or sewer pipes in the apartment is fraught with. Often, we learn about these cases from an angry neighbor living on the floor below.

And, as a rule, the flooding of the lower neighbors occurs just after they made an expensive renovation, because they don’t do anything else now. Here you can see anything: a sagging and collapsed stretch ceiling, wallpaper behind the walls, a surfaced parquet or expanded linoleum, under which a warm floor was laid. And it’s not at all good for the flood to go for electrical wiring.

The drafting of acts begins, the circulation in the courts and house management companies. Repeated repairs are done, of course, at the expense of the upper neighbor. And about spoiled relationships and spent nerves ...

To equip their customers with high-quality electrical equipment, electricians must know which circuit breakers of which companies should be preferred. And in order to make a conclusion about the quality of the machine, it is important to monitor operational malfunctions and know their design.

For this, the designs of automatic machines of three different companies were compared: ABB (Germany), IEK (Russia) and E.NEXT (China).

Structurally, all three machines were very similar and had all the necessary elements, such as: an arcing chamber, a bimetallic plate, a coil. Only by looking closely, it was possible to see the difference.

At the first stage, an ABB circuit breaker made in Germany was dismantled. The products of this manufacturer are considered one of the best in the world. About 30 of these devices were replaced in the electrical panel large supermarket, for a reason...

Favorite backlit magnifier honestly worked for almost a year and a half and died. Quiet cotton, light smoke, a peculiar smell - and silence. The electronic ballast burned out. With this electronic ballast is not so simple. I connected a functioning electronic ballast from a compact 11W fluorescent lamp (one lamp directly, the second through an additional inductor parallel to the one installed).

Only one burns. Inconveniently. Have to watch CFL. Inside the Chinese design are two 137 mm fluorescent noname lamps with a G23 socket.

Wikipedia: “The G23 lamp is a double folded tube. A starter is located inside the base; only an electromagnetic inductor is needed to start the lamp. Available at a power of 5 to 14 watts. The main application is table lamps, but they are often found in fixtures for showers and bathrooms ”...

Regardless of the type of lighting electric lamp, the main characteristic of this product is the type of cap. It is through the base that the lamp is attached to the cartridge and the possibility of its connection to the device depends on its device.

Today there are a huge variety of socles, therefore, specialists in this field have developed a certain classification and encryption of these devices.

The classic version is the Edison threaded base (indicated by the Latin letter - E). It is widely used to quickly connect many types of lamps used in chandeliers, household fixtures, etc. The number next to the letter E indicates the diameter of the thread. The most common models are E14 and E27.There are also socles for more powerful E40 lamps.The second most popular is the pin cap (G). They also have a large scope. ...

The term "intermediate relays" most often means electromagnetic relays, which are used as so-called auxiliary relays, playing not the main, but very important role in the control circuits of various technological installations, machines, complexes.

Currently, the market offers a fairly wide range of intermediate relays. It is possible to select an intermediate relay both by price category and by the property of the tasks being solved. The most common production firms Finder, Phoenix, ABB, Schneider electric. From domestic, we indicate the relay type RPL, RPU-2M, RP, REP, for example. In a simplified form, the intermediate relay is an electromagnetic coil with a core that can be connected to either direct or alternating currentwhen voltage appears on which ...

The timer socket is one of the most useful and at the same time affordable home automation elements. Such a simple device can be very useful for you.

The timer socket can turn on the heater well in advance of your arrival, provide a comfortable temperature, and it can also control devices on a schedule. For example, the inhabitants of aquariums and terrariums need to turn on the light and compressor only at certain times. Also, in the long-term absence of the house, a timer socket with the function of random switching on, will allow you to create an effect of presence in the house, which will serve as a certain protection for your house. In these and many other cases, timer sockets are simply irreplaceable! There are two types of timers: electronic and mechanical. Mechanical timers are easier to operate. They are engaged in the work of the program ...

Each of us is familiar with the situation - at the most inopportune moment, the electricity is turned off.In the optimistic version, you just have to do without a hot lunch or spend an evening by candlelight. It is much worse if you worked at a computer and problems at the substation negated many hours of work.

How to protect yourself from power outages? This method has long been. The line filter or stabilizer can protect against unexpected power surges, but they are useless if the light is turned off.

Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS / UPS - in English) will not only provide uninterrupted power supply to your computer and peripheral equipment, but, often, they can replace the stabilizer. First of all, determine for what purpose you need an uninterruptible power supply. Fifteen years ago, my first computer UPS ...

I suggest that you familiarize yourself with the design of a welding transformer for mounting junction boxes. I have been using this transformer for a long time, but finally I decided to improve it a bit and make it more convenient to use. To do this, he returned the transformer to its original state and started working, fixing it in the photo.

So, I have a toroidal transformer from LATR, P = 1.0 kw. As a secondary winding, one core of a multicore cable KVNG 4x35mm.q. Was taken, from which the "native" insulation was removed and two layers of cotton tape were applied. The total diameter of the wire is significantly reduced, and the quality of the insulation remains acceptable. This was done due to the small window of the torus. The secondary winding is wound until the window is full. Output voltage = 15.6 v. For reliability, the winding is fixed with a silicone ring ...

Probably everyone saw the usual mechanical valve. It is enough in any courtyard of an apartment building to look at the heating main to see at least two gate valves at once.

Even without going into much of their design, and having no higher technical education, it is easy to understand that if you turn the handwheel, a shutter moves inside the pipe, which blocks the flow of water. It is precisely from this that such a mechanism of pipe stop valves “moves” and is called the “valve”. The device of a small mechanical valve is shown in the figure.

The use of such "manual" valves is justified only in those cases when the valve is used very rarely, from case to case, and their number is small. For example, block the pipeline section in the event of an accident. Well, a distribution pipe or riser flowed somewhere in the basement of the house ...

Let's face it - a universal answer to this question simply does not exist. Each case must be considered individually. The thing, first of all, is that each energy supplying organization offers its services at separate tariffs and offers technical conditions for connection, based on the characteristics of its network.

Thus, the simplest option is the case when your site is located in the city with a finished power line on the street. If at the same time the distance to the power transmission line in a straight line does not exceed 25 meters, then the issue is solved very simply - you do not even need to install additional support. In accordance with the technical conditions, only a simple branch made by a self-supporting insulated wire using special fittings will be enough. In other cases, you can refer to the document, which is known as the decree ...