When undertaking the ceiling decoration at home or in the office, we often opt for a stretch ceiling made of PVC. And here it is important to decide in advance which fixtures to install and how many will be required. In this sense, LED spotlights are today one of the most economical solutions due to their high light output and durability.

The first thing, even before installing the stretch ceiling, lay electrical wiring for future lighting. This is done according to a pre-designed scheme: the number of bulbs, their location, rated power. However, this process has its own peculiarities, subtleties and nuances, which will be discussed later. The number of LED fixtures is selected based on the area and purpose of the room in order to obtain sufficient illumination, and taking into account the restrictions on the heating temperature of PVC - it should not exceed 60 ° C ...

Surviving the aftermath of World War II, Britain entered into a massive housing restructuring program because many houses were simply destroyed as a result of the war. An acute shortage of copper forced material to be saved, and engineers had to come up with a wiring diagram that would allow the use of the available copper in the most optimal cost-effective way. Moreover, it was necessary to obtain wiring for normal operation with 13-amp sockets equipped with fuses.

BS1363 sockets and plugs with a fuse with rectangular contacts were then a popular unified solution, and a wiring diagram was developed for them from 1942 to 1947. So the ring wiring was developed, allowing the connection of a pair of electric heaters with a capacity of 3 kW each, in any of two places in the house, and allowing ...

The kitchen is one of the most difficult rooms in terms of repair. It is full of various household appliances, for which it is advisable to foresee at the planning stage not only their place of permanent placement, but also how they will be connected to the mains and how convenient it will be to use them. Sometimes mistakes in planning can significantly spoil the impression of the work done, and redoing or not having time, and often just expensive.

Now residents and new settlers massively install kitchens that are beautiful, modern, but you look at the end result and you see that the electrics are made at the level of Soviets, the cords weigh (from lamps, hoods, microwaves, etc.), there is one socket, a maximum of two and in such a place that it is not clear why she, because again, you need an extension cord to make everything work properly. Guys, I understand everything, the head at such moments is always full of a sea of ​​information...

At the very beginning of the topic, regarding the selection of a quenching capacitor, we consider a circuit consisting of a resistor and a capacitor connected in series to a network. Let us consider from a practical point of view the question of selecting a quenching capacitor for inclusion in the AC network of a load designed for a voltage lower than the standard mains voltage.

Suppose we have a 100 W incandescent lamp designed for a voltage of 36 volts, and for some incredible reason we need to power it from a 220 volt household network. Having such a capacitor, we gain hope to get a normal glow of the lamp, we hope that at least it will not burn out.This approach, when we proceed from the effective current value, is acceptable for active loads, such as a lamp or heater. But what if the load is non-linear and connected through a diode bridge? Let's say you need to charge lead acid ...

Electric networks are an object of increased danger and their condition must be constantly carefully monitored. Often, a fire is caused by worn or inappropriate power consumption. To avoid this, it is necessary to regularly diagnose its condition and, if necessary, perform its full or partial replacement.

Wiring in an apartment and a house - which is better? The cable with which material lived better - aluminum or copper? When installing electrical wiring in the apartment, conductors (wires and cables) made of aluminum and copper are suitable. But is it really important what they are made of? Is it worth changing the aluminum wiring to copper? Maybe you can leave it as it is and not touch anything? In this article, we consider the following issues: the service life of aluminum and copper electrical wiring, for which it is necessary to change the aluminum wiring to copper and in what cases ...

The light distribution curves of luminaires are one of their most important parameters, along with the ratio of light fluxes distributed in the lower and upper hemispheres. A lamp as a lighting device is not made for one object, therefore, even at the design stage, a lamp is developed as a standard one, which can be used massively in many places.

Here, one of the key points is the distribution of the light flux in space, which determines where this lamp can be used and where it is not possible, in accordance with GOST 17677-82 “Lamps, general technical conditions”. The first thing to understand is that the light distribution curve can be symmetric or asymmetric, and there are seven main types of symmetrical (most common) light fluxes, which depends on the shape of the distribution curve ...

The range of lamps today is quite wide, and it is not at all surprising that someone may have difficulty choosing lamps. Someone still uses incandescent lamps, while someone has already switched to more economical compact fluorescent and LED lamps. Meanwhile, Federal Law No. 261 “On Energy Saving” significantly limits the possibility of using incandescent lamps in the future.

In order to help the consumer make the right choice, we compare the power of various types of lamps. Let us consider how the power of an incandescent lamp, a compact fluorescent lamp, and an LED lamp correlate with approximately equal requirements for the luminous flux emitted by them. We will compare the following three lamps: a 75 W incandescent lamp, a 15 W compact fluorescent lamp, a 9 W LED lamp ...

On June 7, 1962, Robert Reitmayer, a chemist at the American Standard Oil Company (SOHIO) in Cleveland, Ohio, filed a patent application detailing the mechanism for storing electrical energy in a double-layer capacitor.

If, in a conventional capacitor, aluminum plates, traditionally, were insulated with a dielectric layer, then in the embodiment proposed by the inventor, the emphasis was placed directly on the material of the plates. The electrodes had to have different conductivity: one electrode had to have ionic conductivity, and the other - electronic.Thus, in the process of charging a capacitor, there would be a separation of electrons and positive centers in the electronic conductor, and separation of cations and anions in the ionic conductor. An electronic conductor was offered ...

The function of uninterruptible power supply (UPS, UPS - Uninterruptible power supply) for a computer is to provide for some time a continuous supply of electricity to your computer and peripheral devices in the event that the power supply for some reason has disappeared or the voltage in it has become much less than acceptable .

The problem does not apply to laptops, tablets, smartphones, because they have built-in batteries. But the computer does not have a built-in battery, so additional measures are needed. This is necessary so that you do not lose unsaved information, being in an instant without electricity (the monitor went out sharply and that’s all), so that you have the elementary opportunity to shut down normally and turn off the computer in normal mode without unnecessary stress for you in a few minutes and without risks to the equipment. How to choose an uninterruptible power supply ...

Where only electric motors are not used today. Home appliances and cottage equipment, machine tools, power tools, electric vehicles and high-precision devices - everywhere you can find a small or large electric motor in one or another node of a device. One of the readers may need to disassemble the engine for repair or maintenance, it is likely that this will need to be done at home. So let's see how the disassembly is done correctly.

In everyday life, you can find electric motors of two main types: asynchronous and collector. Induction motors are more often used in ventilation equipment, in machines, in pumps. Etc. Collector can be found in drills, grinders and other power tools. Collector ones are usually high-speed, while asynchronous ones have approximately a fixed synchronous frequency ...

Sometimes in practice we have to deal with the need for different ways of connecting incandescent lamps. Often this problem arises in everyday life, and this applies not only to lamps in the chandelier. Someone may want to improve the lighting in the kitchen, but someone will come up with a bright idea to extend the life of the lamp, replacing it with two connected in series.

Let's look at how these compounds are made, what is important to pay attention to, and what principles should be followed when performing various connections. In the figures below, simple and understandable diagrams will be given. When the lamps are connected in parallel, a full mains voltage is applied to each of them, that is, phase and zero are supplied directly to each of the lamps of the parallel circuit. And if one of the lamps burns out, the rest will shine, because their chains will remain completely intact. Parallel connection of lamps is used everywhere in everyday life ...

Every day we use sockets to connect electrical appliances to a 220 volt network, while we don’t think about the outlet itself. Meanwhile, sockets are different. And in the framework of this article, we will consider how the outlet is arranged, and talk about what kind of outlets generally exist.

In everyday life today, sockets of the European standard are installed everywhere, having a tight fit of the plug, often a recessed seat. The plug holes are, of course, round, the difference between the Euro-standard socket and the old Soviet ones - the socket accepts plugs with thicker pins.Any modern outlet consists of: a base with fasteners, current-carrying parts and a front lining. The base of the outlet with mounting tabs or ears has current-carrying parts on it, and the front plate (panel) is also attached to it. Base material - plastic or ceramic. Ceramic substrates are better tolerated ...