Motion sensors are devices that respond to moving, rather than stationary, objects. In this they differ from the presence sensors configured to operate upon disappearance, disappearance of moving objects in the controlled area.

In other words, the device that controls the movement should work when a person is inside the observed space, when he moves or froze, but at least just moves his fingers. At the same time, presence control devices are triggered when people have completely left the room or there is a completely frozen person left in it who does not make any movements.

Both groups of these sensors can work on the basis of: capturing sound vibrations by sensitive acoustic systems, perceiving thermal radiation caused by the human body ...

Reed sensors are common as sensors for opening doors and windows, to protect against intrusion into objects, in security systems. These magnetic contact sensors are installed on doors, gates, windows and any other massive structures and objects that need to be protected from unwanted opening, movement, or destruction.

Reed switch (sealed contact) is the main element of such a sensor, and makes it a reliable, safe, and durable, at low cost, component of security systems.

The reed switch is a hermetically sealed glass cylinder, in which two permalloy contacts are usually placed, and the medium inside the cylinder is high pressure nitrogen, which eliminates oxidative processes inside this important electronic component. Its contacts are coated with special metal, such as molybdenum, titanium, tungsten ...

At the beginning of the last century, in many cities there was a unique profession - a lamplighter. This was a man who was engaged in street lighting. With the onset of twilight, he lit lights every day, and in the morning extinguished them.

Nowadays, automatic devices called “twilight switches” or “photo relay” deal with lighting issues. Twilight switches are produced by manufacturers with various electrical characteristics, operational parameters and design for various purposes.

They can be designed to work indoors, for example, to illuminate stairwells of porches or used outdoors under the influence of precipitation. All photorelays are united by the fact that they work according to a single law ...

There are two ways to maintain the temperature of the coolant in a house heated with electricity: in manual mode, using automation. Nowadays, most people refuse manual control, choosing the second method. To use it, you must have a device that constantly measures the temperature and, depending on its value, turns off or turns on the heating.

To this end, devices are used that constantly perform the following functions: monitoring the temperature of the working environment, transmitting and receiving signals through communication channels, processing information and forming a team for the executive power unit, switching electrical circuits, feedback. Structurally, such devices can be made: mechanical autonomous direct-acting devices, electronic automatic installations. Direct thermostats operate on the principle of ...

Wireless infrared (IR) motion sensors that do not require wiring are one of the most popular devices for providing automated control of the security of a room or any other territory. This can be the territory of a dwelling, a personal plot, a car parking, an industrial facility or an office building. Such a sensor is a miniature device, the function of which is to detect a moving object in its area of ​​operation and turn on the alarm.

Wireless communication between the sensor and the alarm unit is via a secure radio channel, and the transmission frequency is usually 433 MHz, but it may also differ, for example, there are sensors that transmit an alarm at a frequency of 868 MHz. The distance between the alarm unit and the wireless sensor should not exceed 100-200 meters, subject to direct visibility. Obstacles significantly reduce distance ...

An infrared motion sensor is an electronic device capable of responding to changes in the intensity of background thermal radiation in its area of ​​effect. Absolutely any objects possess thermal radiation, and not just a person.

If an object of a sufficient size moves at a sufficient speed, crossing the working area of ​​such a sensor, then it triggers, and the sensor sends a signal to the electronic control circuit to perform a particular action by one or another device. Such a device can be either a switch or a dimmer, a burglar alarm, or something else.

Obviously, such an infrared sensor can be used for various automation purposes, both at home and at production and other enterprises and facilities ...

Thermostats (thermostats) for “warm floors” are necessary, first of all, as a means of ensuring the most optimal and most accurate control of the “warm floor” heating system. The most comfortable floor heating of the house, optimal energy consumption, and simply convenient automated climate control of the room are the main tasks that the room thermostat solves.

In the process, the thermostat receives data on the temperature in the room (or floor temperature) from the temperature sensor, and, in accordance with the data received, switches the heating system on or off.

There are programmable and non-programmable thermostats. A non-programmable thermostat ensures that the room temperature is maintained at a strictly set level ...

In this article I will share my experience and try to talk about the basics and basic principles of building a wireless budget smart home system.

Not so long ago, I had the idea to install a Smart Home system. In the already built, residential apartment, I did not want to break, drill and shatter. Therefore, the choice fell on wireless solutions.

The market now has a lot (according to information from the High-Tech Building 2014 over the past year the market has grown by ~ 30%) proposals for the installation of turnkey multifunction elite systems. But, firstly, they, as a rule, have a high price (hundreds of thousands of rubles), and secondly, they are closed systems that do not allow the addition of third-party devices. And in general, such systems are not adapted for repair, modernization and expansion by the user. I wanted to find something budgetary, with the possibility of my own ...