The place of concentration of all electricians in each house or apartment is a house electrical panel. It is here, with the help of various equipment, that the distribution of electric energy occurs in your home. And the house electrical panel of a country house differs fundamentally from the apartment panel only in the size and number of devices.

The equipment that is part of the modern home electrical panel is modular and is mounted on a DIN rail. This saves space, especially if you take into account the fact that home electrical networks are often three-phase, and there are more than enough powerful household electrical appliances in a country house. For the same reasons, home electrical panels often have several tiers, and the total number of modules of equipment placed in them reaches 36 or more. This equipment includes: opening circuit breaker ...

The 555 timer is widely used in control devices, for example, in PWM - speed controllers of DC motors.

Everyone who has ever used a cordless screwdriver must have heard a squeak coming from inside. This is whistled by the motor windings under the influence of the pulse voltage generated by the PWM system. Another way to regulate the speed of the engine connected to the battery is simply indecent, although it is possible.

For example, simply connect a powerful rheostat in series with the engine, or use an adjustable linear voltage regulator with a large radiator. The circuit is quite simple and everything is based on a multivibrator, although converted into a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle, which depends on the ratio of the charge speed and the discharge of the capacitor ...

LED lighting is rapidly invading our life, trying to displace energy-efficient fluorescent lamps that have already become familiar. So far this is not very successful.

Low power, narrow focus of light, high brightness and glare of LEDs do not allow creating comfortable lighting in apartments. But these are all “childhood diseases” of new sources that will be overcome in the near future. But the problem of powering LED lamps deserves closer attention.

If the efficiency of converting charges into light were close to 100%, then this would remove a number of serious technical and technological problems that manufacturers of high-power LED lamps face today. Of course, compared with the efficiency of incandescent lamps, not reaching 3% ...

Using the Minato engine and similar structures as an example, the possibility of using magnetic field energy and the difficulties associated with its practical application are considered.

In our daily lives, we rarely notice the field form of the existence of matter. Unless, when we fall. Then the gravitational field becomes a painful reality for us. But there is one exception - the field of permanent magnets. Almost everyone in childhood played with them, panting to break two magnets. Or, with the same passion, move the stubbornly opposing poles of the same name.

With age, interest in this occupation disappeared, or, conversely, became the subject of serious research. The idea of ​​the practical use of the magnetic field appeared long before the theories of modern physics.And the main thing in this idea was the desire to use the “eternal” magnetization of materials to obtain useful work or “free” electrical energy ...

Quite often, in various schemes, voltage converters are required. The most typical example is powering a device from a car battery. Typically, such voltage converters are push-pull based on various specialized microcircuits. But, if the power of the converter is small, it is quite possible to create one on the basis of the 555 timer (KR1006VI1). A diagram of one of the possible options is shown in the figure.

The circuit contains a self-oscillating multivibrator already familiar from previous articles about the 555 timer, the output of which is connected to a gate of a powerful field-effect transistor. The stabilization device is a threshold device, almost a comparator, with a threshold threshold set by the zener diode. The stabilization device works as follows ...

Power supply of country houses has a number of distinctive features. The main one is the need to connect to the overhead line (VL). The burden of arranging this connection is usually the responsibility of the owner of the house, and the point of connection between the power supply organization and the homeowner is the point of connection to the overhead line.

When the branch device is installed, additional installation of one or several supports may be necessary if the distance from the entry point into the house to the overhead line is more than 25 meters. The input itself should be located at a height of at least 2.75 meters, and the wall passage should be made in accordance with fire safety requirements. We are talking about the presence in the wall of a mortgage tube made of non-combustible material, as well as the correspondence of the cross section of the lead wire to the maximum permissible load, taking into account the stock. It is best to use SIP as an input conductor, although the use of VVG or bare wires is not excluded ...

For an effective sale of products and services, firms have long since “invented” a trouble-free method - exposure of customers to light advertising. Until recently, neon signs dominated advertising. But recent decades have gradually changed this situation: promotional items from luminous cords, or duralight, have spread.

Duralight quickly gained popularity for performing outdoor advertising of shops, contour lighting of bridges, architectural ensembles, and even decorative lighting of residential premises. Often used in the interior decoration of shopping centers, bars, restaurants. It looks very effective as a decoration of Christmas trees on New Year's holidays.

Structurally, duralight is made in the form of a flexible transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cord of rectangular or circular cross section. Inside are miniature light sources: incandescent lamps or LEDs ...

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) - a magical combination of terms for the uninitiated and a mundane reality for professionals. This material is for those who are just interested in the possibility of using them for home automation.

Let's start over, or from the “stove”. In not so distant times, electrical engineers designed their equipment based on existing discrete devices manufactured by industry. These are relays, timers, engine control buttons and a small list of devices that were available in a power that had vanished into the past.

Several decades passed, and the practice of working with individual electrical components almost stopped - the market was filled with universal devices that can perform any control and monitoring functions - PLCs. In order to understand the features and capabilities ...