Modern technology and practice of manufacturing grounding systems

The grounding device is an important element of the system for protecting people from electric shock. Therefore, it is necessary to pay due attention to the issue of manufacturing grounding at the project stage.

A grounding device can be manufactured in many ways, the criterion for choosing a specific one is to provide the desired resistance (8 Ohms for 220V, 4 Ohms for 380V) and stability of parameters throughout the entire operation period.

The instability of the grounding properties is caused by a change in the resistance of the soil, when the external temperature (winter / summer) changes and the corrosion of the grounding elements ...

Modern methods of zoning and floor plans can no longer do with just one chandelier. Now there are many ways to divide a room into zones, including the use of spotlights.

Spotlights are screwed into the ceiling panels. This method of zoning has long ceased to be an innovation, and in Europe it is already a common thing in the interior.

Spotlights calculated on the voltage 220 andwhether 12 volt. To connect low-voltage lamps, you must use a special transformer. To extend the lamp life use electronic soft starters ...

For most people, home is the place where the main, most enjoyable part of their life goes. A house is not just walls and a roof, it is children and a loved one, it is holidays and meetings with friends, it is priceless memories, the person’s inner, personal world, hidden from others. And how do you want to completely protect your home from any troubles.

We put reliable locks and strong doors from burglars, fire and security alarms, ask neighbors to look after the house if we leave somewhere.

There are no trifles on security. And electrical safety is one of the guarantors of the safety of your property and your life ...

A story about JK trigger and simple experiments to study his work.

In the previous parts of the article, triggers such as RS and D were described. This story will be incomplete if we do not mention the JK trigger. Like the D trigger, it has extended input logic.

In the 155 series, this is a K155TV1 chip manufactured in the DIP-14 package. Its pinout, or as they say now, the pinout (from the English PIN - pin) is shown in Figure 1a. Foreign analogues SN7472N, SN7472J.

The K155TV1 trigger has direct and inverse outputs. In the figure, these are conclusions 8 and 6, respectively. Their purpose is the same as for the previously considered triggers of type D and RS. Inverse exit begins in a small circle ...

The abbreviation LED is derived from the English phrase Light Emitting Diode, which means a diode that emits light. In other words, an LED is a semiconductor device that converts the electric current passing through it into light radiation.

The main element of the LED is an artificial semiconductor crystal. It comes in red, yellow, green and blue. This part is placed in a copper or aluminum cup, which also acts as a reflector and cathode. A golden thread is welded to the crystal, which serves as the anode. It is all filled with a transparent compound and give it the necessary shape. To ensure stable operation ...

Everyone who has a cat knows that these animals are distinguished by both individual character and a variety of quirks and whims.

One of the most dangerous quirks is the desire of cats to chew, bite, catch cords and wires, especially thin wires, leading to modern household appliances.

Avoiding this behavior is challenging, requiring both ingenuity and perseverance. And the question here is not so much about the safety of household appliances, but about how to avoid the terrible consequences of an electric shock of your excessively playful pet.

Just as parents make a home safe for their child, so cat owners should think about how to protect the house for the cat and from the cat ...

The article describes the D-trigger, its operation in various modes, a simple and intuitive technique for studying the principle of action.

In the previous part of the article, the study of triggers was started. The RS trigger is considered the simplest in this family, which was described in the seventh part of the article.

D and JK triggers are more widely used in electronics devices. According to the meaning of the action, they, like the RS trigger, are also devices with two stable states at the output, but they have a more complex logic of the input signals.

It should be noted that all of the above will be true not only for K155 series microcircuits, but also for other series of logical microcircuits, for example, K561 and K176. All logic chips also work exactly ...

The article discusses one of the possible solutions to the problem with not very high-quality voltage produced by many household generators.

Many who faced the need to use gas or diesel generators during a power outage probably noticed that some devices do not work from electricity generated by the generator.

We received a letter from our regular reader on our site, here is a quote from this letter: ....... "Household generators are mainly brush-mounted, therefore the quality of the generated electricity, to put it mildly, does not correspond to the powered devices. In particular, computer UPSA, when switching to autonomous power, begins to "swear." Are there any filters that make the sine wave more digestible? "" .......

The most rational, in terms of economy, is the use of a UPS uninterruptible power supply, where the battery is used as the energy source.

Today in the Uninterruptible Power Supply-UPS market, there are 3 main types of devices - on-line, off-line and line-interactive UPS. In this short article we will try to figure out what is the difference between these devices, which one is better, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the devices.

Before we begin to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the UPS, you must determine the degree and importance of the equipment that will power the UPS. In order to determine which device you need, answer a few questions that will facilitate the further selection of the UPS ...

Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

There are situations when during a power outage it is necessary that some area remains lit. For example, it can be a corridor, utility room, or just a workplace. In this situation, an emergency lamp made on the basis of a conventional energy-saving lamp with a power of not more than 9 - 11 watts will greatly help.

When the mains voltage is normal, the lamp works directly from the mains. In the event of a power failure, the lamp switches to battery power.In normal operation, the battery is recharged from the network, thereby maintaining the constant performance of the lamp ...

Modern switches, sockets and dimmers are not only very multi-functional, but also have a diverse design, so everyone can choose the right wiring accessories for their apartment.

In the modern interior, everything matters: the color scheme, the furniture, and some decorative objects. And even properly selected sockets and switches will help give the room a complete look. In addition, wiring accessories are sold today that are not only beautiful in appearance, but also capable of making the life of a modern person more comfortable and safe ...

The article describes a simple and reliable control circuit for an electric pump. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

At the cottage or in the farm without water it is simply impossible to do. As a rule, there is no centralized water supply in such remote places, so there are not so many ways to extract water. This is a well, well or open water. If there is electricity in the summer cottage, then the problem of water supply is best solved with the help of an electric pump.

In this case, the pump can operate either in the mode of filling the tank, or in the drainage mode - pumping water from the tank, well or well. In the first case, overflow is possible over the edge of the tank, and in the second case, the pump runs dry ...