Ways of transferring electrical power between high-voltage equipment of energy enterprises are outlined in a previous article. And here we consider the operation of low voltage circuits.

Converting high-voltage energy to a 0.4 kV network ends in transformers with an output voltage of 380/220 volts. From them, electricity is supplied via cable or overhead lines to consumers. Moreover, the cable is most often used where it is impossible to install engineering structures - supports.

During operation, cable lines create a reactive load of a capacitive nature in the network, which on long routes greatly affects the quality of electricity, changing the cosφ of the circuit. At short distances, the cable can work as compensation for the loss of electricity from inductive loads created by powerful electric motors ...

Generator sets convert the energy of rivers, wind, fuel combustion, and even atomic bonds into electricity. They are distributed throughout the country, combined into a single system by transformer substations. Electricity is transferred to the distance between them by power lines. Their length can be from two to three to hundreds of kilometers.

High-power electricity can be transmitted through power cables buried in the ground or buried in water bodies. But the most common method of transportation is via overhead lines fixed to special engineering structures - supports.

Air and cable power lines connect transformer substations with the same voltage distribution devices to transfer energy from one power transformer to another. For example, an autotransformer 330/110/10 kV ...

Often there is a need to use electrical appliances on the street. For example, you need to connect a Christmas garland, a luminous figure or some electrified instrument to the electrical network.

It is not possible to install the outlet on the street in the same way as indoors, since in the open area, that is, outdoors, the outlet will be affected by various negative factors: splashes, drops or a stream of water, dust, as well as mechanical stress. The socket must be protected from these factors. Consider the question of how to install an outlet on the street.

The first thing to do is to choose a place to install the outlet. An outlet intended for outdoor installation must have a housing that has the highest degree of protection ...

The DT83X multimeter has only two limits for measuring alternating voltages 750 and 200, of course, this is in volts, although only numbers are written on the devices. Thus, if there is a need to measure the voltage in the outlet, then you need to choose the limit of 750, in other cases 200. Here you should pay attention to such subtlety: the alternating voltage should be sinusoidal in frequency 50 ... 60 Hz, only in this case the measurement accuracy will be acceptable.

If the measured voltage has a rectangular or triangular shape, and its frequency is much higher than 50 Hz, at least 1000 ... 10000 Hz, then the readings on the display, of course, will appear, but what they symbolize is unknown. Here we can only say with confidence that there is an alternating voltage, the circuit seems to be working. But, let's take a break from the measurement process and carefully look at the front panel of the multimeter ...

The word multimeter consists of two words: multi - many and meter - measurements, measuring device. These definitions can be found in the multitran English-Russian dictionary, and therefore, with full confidence we can say that a multimeter is a multitude of measuring instruments “packed” in one small box. All these measuring instruments are designed for measurements in electrical circuits, and it would be unforgivable to start a story about electrical measurements without remembering Ohm's law.

In school textbooks, Ohm's law for a section of a circuit is written as follows: "The current in the circuit (I) is directly proportional to the voltage (U), and inversely proportional to the resistance (R)." All who are seriously engaged in electricity know this phrase as our Father. And then say, not knowing Ohm’s law - sit at home. If Ohm's law is written in the form of a mathematical formula, it will turn out quite simply: I = U / R. This is Ohm's law for a section of a chain ...

The choice of a profession is one of the most responsible decisions in the life of every person. If initially there is a desire to connect your life with the electrical industry, then here everything is not so simple. In this area of ​​human activity there are many different professions, one can say the lines of activity that have their own characteristic distinguishing features. In this article, we give a brief description of the profession of a substation maintenance electrician.

To begin, consider what this profession is and what is the responsibility of an electrician in servicing substations. Surely everyone knows about such an object as an electrical distribution substation.

Why do we need substations? Distribution substations are used to receive electric energy, its conversion and distribution to consumers or other substations ...

The protection principle was based on the principle of relays - devices that constantly monitor some electrical parameter of the network, and when they reach critical values ​​they trigger: they sharply change their initial state by switching the electrical circuit.

The first protection devices were made on the basis of electromechanical relay designs, and the specialists involved in their operation began to be called the term "relay", which is valid to date.

The relay protection and automation service (RPA), created in the power system on the basis of constantly gained experience, is simultaneously involved in other complex processes: control systems, including local, remote and remote methods, blocking of certain devices, signaling circuits that allow analyzing ...

Intrusive advertising on the Internet and even on state television channels through a television store persistently offers the public a device for saving energy in the form of "new products" of the electronic industry. Pensioners receive a discount of 50% of the total cost.

“Saving Box” is the name of one of the offered devices. They were already written about in the article "Instruments for saving energy: myth or reality?". The time has come to continue the topic with the example of a specific model, explaining in more detail: what is reactance, how is active and reactive power created, how is reactive power compensation carried out, on the basis of which reactive power compensators and a device for saving energy are working. People who buy such a device will receive a package with a beautiful box in the mail. Inside is an elegant plastic case ...

In this article I will share my experience and try to talk about the basics and basic principles of building a wireless budget smart home system.

Not so long ago, I had the idea to install a Smart Home system. In the already built, residential apartment, I did not want to break, drill and shatter. Therefore, the choice fell on wireless solutions.

The market now has a lot (according to information from the High-Tech Building 2014 over the past year the market has grown by ~ 30%) proposals for the installation of turnkey multifunctional elite systems ’. But, firstly, they, as a rule, have a high price (hundreds of thousands of rubles), and secondly, they are closed systems that do not allow the addition of third-party devices. And in general, such systems are not adapted for repair, modernization and expansion by the user. I wanted to find something budgetary, with the possibility of my own ...

The People's Encyclopedia Wikipedia reveals the term “Saving” as a prudent, careful use of any resources. Applying it to electricity, it should be clarified that it is possible to reduce electricity charges: by putting things in order when using numerous electrical appliances without spending material resources, using new technologies that require initial financial investments, simply stealing electricity.

The method of theft involved people who have lost their conscience. They have developed many deceptive technologies. But this is not our topic at all, so we will consider in more detail the first two methods. In life, there are times when good intentions are not always justified, and the transition to energy-saving technologies is often accompanied by monetary costs. Recommendations for saving electricity in everyday life are well known, but not all people see the main sources of loss ...

The ability to receive free electricity by the wind appeals to many owners of individual houses, but a certain part of them fails, is disappointed in this method and writes negative reviews in various forums. But you can avoid mistakes in creating such installations and get the most out of them.

The wind generator with its electrical circuit and design principles resembles any other generator. The main difference lies in the method of spinning its rotor due to the kinetic energy of the air flows captured by the aerodynamic blades.

The speed and power of the wind should reliably rotate the impeller of the engine, the energy of which is consumed by the generator. If this is not done, then you will be left without electricity. A rough estimate of the likelihood of an active wind will help ...

Besides TENOV and open spirals there are many other elements, some of which are almost the same age as the open spiral, while others have appeared relatively recently, thanks to the development of modern technologies. About these heaters, new and not very, will be discussed in this article.

They are used in various devices, primarily infrared room heaters. Simply put, these are heating appliances that create comfort in a house, apartment, office or workshop. For various conditions, a wide variety of heater designs are used. Infrared heaters can also be used in various technological equipment where heating of certain objects is required. A striking example of such technological equipment are infrared soldering stations and modern laboratory heating cabinets and furnaces. Widely used infrared heating in group soldering ...