Many homeowners are concerned about the proper operation of household appliances, the safety of electrical wiring, and the quality of incoming electricity. In this case, additional requirements arise: unification, economical work on the basis of fulfilling the principles of effective energy-saving technologies, environmentally friendly, safe use of materials, convenient, ergonomic control.

All these issues are taken into account in the apartment’s power supply project, the preparation of which requires a good knowledge of safety regulations, operation of electrical installations, the principles of operation of electrical appliances and their structures, including the latest developments. A home foreman with the technical skills of an electrician can undertake such work independently quite problematic. It is better to entrust its implementation to a specialized organization. The power supply project is ...

Technological progress does not stand still. Residents of multi-storey buildings in megacities are beginning to forget cases of prolonged blackouts and all the troubles associated with them. However, for the rest of the population this issue has not yet been completely resolved.

Backup power issues for owners of a detached private house or cottage are still relevant. Our state is not yet able to fully provide high-quality electricity.

To ensure the normal operation of household electrical appliances in the event of loss of external electrical energy, use: a set of batteries that create a total voltage of 12, 24, 36 or 48 volts and an inverter that converts the direct current of the battery into alternating 220V. Modern systems do not just do backups ...

Motion sensors are devices that respond to moving, rather than stationary, objects. This is what distinguishes them from presence sensors configured to operate upon disappearance or disappearance of moving objects in a controlled area.

In other words, the device that controls the movement should work when a person is inside the observed space, when he moves or froze, but at least just moves his fingers. At the same time, presence control devices are triggered when people have completely left the room or there is a completely frozen person left in it who does not make any movements.

Both groups of these sensors can work on the basis of: capturing sound vibrations by sensitive acoustic systems, perceiving thermal radiation caused by the human body ...

Specialists of the All-Russian Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A.A. Bochvara developed the technology for creating the latest super wires. The essence of the technology is the sequential assembly of bimetallic composite billets with their subsequent deformation. This makes it possible to incorporate tape niobium fibers with a thickness of only 6-10 nm into the matrix of an ordinary copper wire.

The result is a composite wire with a cross section of 2 by 3 mm, in which up to 400 million of these finest niobium fibers are present. The resulting wire is characterized by an anomalously high mechanical strength, significantly more than 500 MPa, and an electrical conductivity of 65-85% of the conductivity of pure copper, which is achieved by a small distance between the fibers, comparable with the average path length of the electrons in the copper matrix. Super wires are wires with tensile strength ...

A circuit breaker is a low-voltage protective device that protects electrical circuits from emergency operating conditions such as overload and short circuit, and also allows manual switching of electrical circuits under load. If the circuit breaker is structurally equipped with a motor-drive, then it can be controlled remotely or automatically by applying a signal from various automatic devices.

Circuit breakers are used quite widely, since the concept of "low-voltage circuits" includes not only power circuits supplying various electrical appliances and equipment, but also communication circuits, telemechanics of equipment, various auxiliary circuits with voltages up to 1000 V. In this article we present the features of choosing automatic circuit breaker by criteria such as the number of poles ...

Progress does not stand still, and LED lamps are rapidly appearing on store shelves, gradually displacing not only incandescent lamps, but also compact fluorescent lamps, so beloved by many of those who are used to scrupulously approach energy conservation.

However, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) require special measures for their disposal, so that not everything went smoothly with them. The LED lamp, in turn, is environmentally completely safe. Let's dwell in more detail on how to choose the right LED lamp, if necessary.

First of all, you should understand for yourself that it is not worth chasing cheapness when choosing an LED lamp, because a high-quality LED lamp can work for 50,000 hours. If you translate this into days, say 9 hours a day, you get more than 15 years ...

When planning electrical work, in particular when it is necessary to select cable and wire products, the question arises of choosing between a flexible and a hard cable. In this article, we will consider which cable is better: flexible or rigid, depending on local conditions.

First, consider what a flexible and rigid cable is. The flexible cable is multi-core, which provides it with sufficient flexibility. A rigid cable is single core, that is, its conductive core consists of one conductor.

The main distinguishing feature of a flexible cable from a rigid one is the possibility of bending it an unlimited number of times, as well as the ease of bending. Mono-core cable is not intended for frequent bends, it can be bent a certain number of times, after which its conductive core will break. For example, a new copper hard cable is able to withstand ...

Reed sensors are common as sensors for opening doors and windows, to protect against intrusion into objects, in security systems. These magnetic sensors are mounted on doors, gates, windows and any other massive structures and objects that need to be protected from unwanted opening, moving, or destruction.

Reed switch (sealed contact) is the main element of such a sensor, and makes it a reliable, safe, and durable, at low cost, component of security systems.

The reed switch is a hermetically sealed glass cylinder, in which two permalloy contacts are usually placed, and the medium inside the container is high pressure nitrogen, which eliminates oxidative processes inside this important electronic component. Its contacts are coated with special metal, such as molybdenum, titanium, tungsten ...

Premises that are located below the zero level of the basement of the building are called basements.They are surrounded on all sides by earth, which provides relative temperature stability throughout the year and, as a rule, are deprived of natural light.

Basement operating conditions are associated with increased humidity. It arises as a result of: the proximity of groundwater and the technical difficulties of creating building structures that are tight on all sides, condensation from the air coming from the street into the room when it is cooled.

The applied measures to combat humidity, based on the removal of groundwater, ventilation, use of exhaust or fresh ventilation systems are not always effective. They partially increase air dryness. Therefore, basements are classified as premises ...

With the development of technologies for the production of low-cost electricity based on solar panels, as well as taking into account significant investment in wind energy, there is a need for a more convenient and technologically intelligent way of storing the received energy. Research results from Linkoping University in Sweden, published in Science, have shown that biological waste paper production can help create affordable, environmentally friendly material for a new type of battery cathode.

Inexpensive organic solar cells based on conductive plastic have achieved very high productivity, and the alternative energy obtained in this way on an industrial scale has now become much cheaper, and there is competition justified by progress. Traditionally, metal oxides carry charge in batteries. Commonly used materials, such as cobalt, for example, are a resource ...

When repairing or building, many apartment owners are wondering how to properly place switches or sockets in the apartment. After all, not only the convenience of using them depends on this, but also the safety of operation, and, consequently, health.

To correctly deal with this issue, we will consider the rules of their placement that existed in the recent past and the new trends that came from other countries.

In Soviet times, it was customary to install lighting switches in residential premises near the entrance to them at the height of the shoulders of an adult or placed under the ceiling. And the sockets were mounted in the wall at a distance of 90-100 cm from the floor. Wall switches were located at a level of about 160 ÷ 180 cm from the floor. This distance was considered the most suitable, optimal for controlling light. Example of placement of the switch block ...

A thousand years before the first observations of electrical phenomena, mankind has already begun to accumulate knowledge about magnetism. And only four hundred years ago, when the formation of physics as a science was just beginning, researchers separated the magnetic properties of substances from their electrical properties, and only after that they began to study them independently. This laid the experimental and theoretical foundation, which became the foundation of a unified theory of electrical and magnetic phenomena by the middle of the 19th century.

It seems that the unusual properties of magnetic iron ore were known as far back as the Bronze Age in Mesopotamia. And after the beginning of the development of iron metallurgy, people noticed that it attracts iron products. The ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician Thales from the city of Miletus (640−546 BC) also thought about the reasons for this attraction, he attributed this attraction to the animation of the mineral. Greek thinkers presented themselves as invisible couples ...