Among the protective devices in home wiring, residual current circuit breakers (RCDs) and differential machines (difavtomats) are becoming increasingly popular. Manufacturers produce them with various types of designs for use in single-phase and three-phase power supply schemes. All these devices have a common algorithm of work.

By and large, the difference between the RCD from the differential automaton is the absence in the circuit of a circuit breaker that responds to excess load currents. Therefore, the connection diagram of a single-phase or three-phase RCD from the connection diagram of a differential machine differs only in the absence of this function. To protect against short circuits and unacceptable loads, additional current protection is required in it. A common element of these defenses is the scheme ...

Automation is increasingly being introduced into the everyday life of modern people. And if earlier automated production could be considered the peak of progress, now even life, an apartment or a private house can be quite dramatically improved by bringing the concept of “smart home” there. Indeed, today the “smart home” systems are designed not only to optimize energy costs, but first of all - to make a person’s life more comfortable. The capabilities of modern smart home systems will be discussed in our article.

Combining home cinema, lighting control, water supply, video surveillance system, climate control, fire and security alarm systems, power supply and access control, gas supply and multi-room into one system is the task that the smart home system solves today. Let's go through each of the items sequentially, consider what they can ...

To adjust the brightness of the glow of the lamps, special electronic devices are used - dimmers. And if earlier this concerned only incandescent lamps, then with the advent of LED lamps on the market, there was a need to regulate them. In general, the dimmer function is to lower the average current through the lamp to the desired level, and thus reduce the intensity of the light emitted by it.

So, with incandescent lamps, triac and thyristor dimmers are traditionally used, which adjust the power supply to the lamp by cutting off part of the phase of the mains voltage. Since incandescent lamps are quite ingenious devices, then dimmers for them are quite simple in design. With LED lamps, the situation is more complicated.

Ordinary LED lamps sometimes contain in their design, in addition to LEDs, also a simple pulse converter circuit, which is designed to interact with an ordinary ...

Cables and wires are designed to transmit electrical energy over distances with the least possible loss. In order to transfer power from the source to consumers most efficiently, they are created with the maximum conductivity of the conductive lines and the exception of the formation of random, unauthorized paths of energy drainage by leakage currents. Only the simultaneous fulfillment of these conditions makes it possible to reliably and continuously transmit and receive electrical energy.

Power losses that occur during the passage of currents through metals are directly related to the magnitude of their electrical resistance. They increase with its increase.To improve the passage of electric current through wires and cables, they reduce the resistance of their conductors by selecting the material of the conductive conductors by the value of the resistivity of metals and alloys, making the cross section of the core according to the permissible ...

As soon as the production of LEDs reached industrially significant proportions, their widespread introduction began. The use of LEDs these days is so vast that if you look around you will almost certainly catch something that has LEDs. What explains their popularity?

It's simple: an LED is a very efficient, safe, and inexpensive light source that meets many lighting needs, not inferior to either incandescent or neon lamps, and in fact, significantly surpassing them all. Where are the LEDs used, what are their areas of application? We will try to give an answer to this question here. First of all, pay attention to the fact that many LCD screens, for example, TV screens, monitors, displays of mobile phones, and various mobile gadgetshave LED backlight. This applies to both old models and the latest ...

Indoor artificial lighting is divided into general, the fixtures of which are usually located on the ceiling, local with wall sources used to create improved working conditions or to solve specific design goals.

According to the principle of using switches, wall lamps have designs when the switch is located on the power cord of the lamp with a plug that is inserted into a socket, mounted in the wall and connected by wiring hidden in a strob inside the wall, installed inside the lamp housing, remotely controlled, for example, using a cord or over the air using the remote control.

Recently, spotlights and spots that create directional light have become widely used. According to the control method, they can use one of the above inclusion options ...

Often, before carrying out any excavation work, or even for the purpose of servicing a cable laid underground, it is necessary to find this cable. Agree, it will be very annoying to damage the cable laid underground, for example by hooking it with an excavator bucket or accidentally drilling it. In order to avoid such incidents, you must first obtain reliable information about the location of the cable underground, the same applies to underground communication pipelines.

If the information about the location of the cable laid underground is not reliable or insufficiently accurate, then unnecessary costs and errors are inevitable, and such errors are sometimes fraught with dire consequences for health and even for people's lives. The condition of underground cables can be assessed by route locators, but sometimes it is necessary to localize the cable underground to further conduct ...

Nibbling of hands, especially wounds, scratches during their contact with water when washing hands does not pose a danger to humans. But light and seemingly harmless tingling can instantly turn into a strong electric shock. Tingling can be considered as an alarm signal, namely, to search for the source of current leakage - a damaged electrical appliance or go to a damaged section of home wiring.

In most cases, the cause of tingling is damage or improper connection to the electrical network of a household appliance, which in the process of operation is connected to water, pipelines of the apartment (house).This is primarily a washing machine, storage water heater (boiler), instantaneous water heater, dishwasher. When installing wiring, it is recommended to pay special attention to ...

The term “sensor” itself means a mechanism designed to measure a parameter in order to further process the measurement result. The sensor circuit generates a signal in a convenient form for transmission, then the signal is converted, processed or stored. Without sensors in some modern areas of industry, and in many equipment of various kinds, just can not do.

Electronics today makes it possible to manufacture electronic sensors capable of monitoring processes by several parameters at once, which greatly expands the possibilities for constructing complex measuring and actuating devices. The sensor necessarily contains in its design a sensitive element and often a converter part. The main characteristics of electronic sensors are their sensitivity and measurement error. To date, analog and digital sensors ...

Using electric energy, the owner of any building is interested in ensuring maximum safety during long-term operation with a high degree of reliability. These issues are especially acute in houses built of combustible materials: wood, timber and SIW panels. The latest designs have long been widely used in North America, Canada, and the Scandinavian countries. Several decades ago, they began to be built in the CIS countries.

SIP, for reference, refers to a panel with a structure made of insulating materials, when a layer of polystyrene foam is placed between two plates of OSB, which we commonly call foam. This filler may burn well, as it was in the Lame Horse building in Perm, or may not support combustion with a self-extinguishing structure that uses antipyrine additives. The quality of both grades of material can be checked ...

When installing a socket or other elements of electrical wiring, the need to connect a cable in a junction box, the question arises of how to determine where which wire is from the three available. Where the phase wire is located, as a rule, it is not difficult to determine - just use an indicator screwdriver for this. The question then becomes: where is the working conductor from the remaining two wires, and where is the protective ground conductor.

If the conductors are not marked, that is, they do not have corresponding tags indicating where which wire is, then for many this becomes a problem. In this case, it is necessary to determine exactly where which wire is, since in case of an erroneous connection, negative consequences are possible - short circuit or electric shock. Below we will try to answer the question of how to determine the ground wire in home wiring ...

In addition to providing reliable power to household appliances, it is very important that home wiring is safe to operate. Safety consists, first of all, in preventing electric shock. That is, home wiring should be performed in such a way as to exclude the possible impact of electric current on a person.

The main methods of protecting electrical wiring is grounding the electrical wiring, as well as the use of appropriate protective devices - residual current circuit breakers, differential machines. In this article, we will consider the question of how to ground the home wiring.Before doing an individual grounding of the wiring, you need to figure out whether it is necessary at all. Often people make grounding in the house, arguing their actions ...