Connecting solar panels should not be difficult. There is nothing extraordinary in this procedure. But as I continue to get questions on the scheme of connecting solar panels, I decided to write this article and give illustrations to remove these issues once and for all.

From the physics of the school period, we know the concepts of series, parallel and series-parallel (or mixed) connections. There is nothing in solar panels that would bring their connection beyond the concepts of school physics. I understand perfectly well that people ask these questions not because they do not know what a serial or parallel connection is. They know. They are “scared” by a new subject of consideration - solar panels. So, I will say it again: there is nothing like this in solar panels. This is just the same component of solar modules., like all others, and therefore the wiring diagrams...

The photovoltaic converter (solar module, photovoltaic module, solar panel) is a kind of tablet of square or rectangular shape, consisting of a light frame (for frame construction) and, in fact, the working surface. The sizes of the converters can be very different, for example: 285 x 425, 455 x 995, ... 560 x 1180, 805 x 1575 ... and depend on the purpose of use. Their power is also diverse: from 30 watts to 165 watts or more.

For private households, converters with a power of 60 W, 70 W, 80 W, 120 W with sizes of 560 x 1180, 805 x 1575 are more popular because the process of installing them, for example on the roof, does not require much effort and attracting lifting and transport mechanisms. Owing to their technical characteristics, they are optimal from the point of view of the ratio of area - rated power. This is important for choosing the area of ​​their working placement ...

Today’s article I was prompted to write by the fact that from time to time the question stubbornly continues to sound: What is better to use as an alternative source of electric energy, a wind generator, solar panels? I am sure that for those who already consider themselves to be “alternative people” with experience, a similar question “cuts the ear”.

Indeed, in order to feel the answer to it one should at least a couple of years bit by bit such desired Watts. Seriously speaking, this is tantamount to the question: What is the best way to use a hydroelectric power station or a thermal power plant? Where there is a river and its flow makes it possible to use a hydroelectric power station, the choice is obvious if only because its kilowatt will be cheaper. Well, where there is no river, it remains to put a thermal power plant. Of course, each of the options is able to satisfy the fulfillment of assigned tasks under certain specific conditions ...

For the purpose of switching loads in alternating current circuits, it is convenient to use triacs, which are a type of thyristor, but differing from the thyristor by the ability to conduct current in both directions in the open state. The first designs of triacs were already considered in 1963, then, for example, the Mordovian Research Electrotechnical Institute already filed a patent for a symmetric thyristor (Patent SU 349356 A, Dumanevich AN and Evseev Yu.A.), and General Electric was engaged in commercial implementation of the same product called "Triac" in the west.

Whereas the thyristor has a clearly defined cathode, anode, and control electrode, the triac has a cathode and anode changing their positions during its operation, depending on the current direction at the current moment.Of course, the signal to the control electrode (gate) of the triac is always supplied relative to a specific conditional cathode, but the current ...

In this article, under the correct operation of lithium-ion batteries, we will understand the observance of such conditions in which the lithium-ion battery of a portable device can work safely, will last a long time, and the functioning of the device will remain full. This will be about lithium-ion batteries, since most modern mobile gadgets: tablets, laptops, smartphones, etc. have lithium batteries installed. And if earlier it was often possible to meet nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium, today lithium is widely used.

With proper use, a lithium-ion battery will last 10-15 times longer than when used haphazardly, which will be described later in the text. Here you will find recommendations for users, compliance with which will help to keep the lithium battery efficient and capacious throughout the entire period of use ...

Users of smartphones and tablets are of course aware of the explosion hazard of lithium batteries in their gadgets. And striking examples do not have to go far. Recently, for example, Samsung faced a painful problem personally, and was forced to recall the first series of the new Note 7, since the batteries exploded right in the process of charging. One way or another, the problem remains the same since the advent of cell phones, ICAO even in 2016 banned the commercial shipment of lithium batteries in the cargo compartments of civilian transport.

The fact is that in the process of charging a lithium battery in a mobile device, using the microcontroller built into the battery, a rather complicated algorithm for implementing this process is implemented so that the battery temperature does not go beyond the acceptable temperature range. The controller monitors battery parameters ...

Electric current has one distinguishing feature: it is able to flow only in a closed loop. If this chain is broken, then its action immediately ceases. This property is embodied in the work of maximum current protection, based on the use of fuses and circuit breakers.

They are selected in such a way that they can withstand the nominal value of the current flowing through them for a long time. This ensures the reliability of power supply to consumers. At the same time, fuses and circuit breakers have protective functions: during emergency conditions in a controlled circuit, they break the dangerous current passing through them. In this case, the complex takes into account two factors: the magnitude of the flowing load current, the duration of its impact. The fuse fuse blows out from the heat created by the current passing through it ...

When choosing a cable underfloor heating system as the main or additional heating system, it is first necessary to determine the power of the heating cable for this system. It is very important to perform the correct power calculation so that the installed heating system functions correctly and fully complies with the requirements that apply to it.

There is no single rule by which it is possible to calculate the required power of a heating cable for a warm floor. When calculating the power, it is necessary to take into account several factors that significantly affect the functioning of the warm floor.Therefore, the first step in the calculation will be the refinement of the source data: The required degree of heating of the rooms. In this case, it is necessary to clarify for what purposes a heated floor is used - as the main source of heat or as an additional or backup ...

The Walt Disney Company, known worldwide for its cartoons and films from Disney Studios, interacts extensively with various laboratories as part of an informal collaboration with Disney Research. So, most recently, the company's engineers created a prototype of a room in which various electronic devices can be charged wirelessly.

The QSCR technology - Quasistatic Cavity Resonance, which translates from English as “quasistatic cavity resonance”, is implemented in the design of the room. This technology involves the wireless supply of energy inside the volume of a single room, so that mobile devices inside the room could be charged without cable. According to the engineers, in the future offices will be equipped with such charging technologies. Typically, a person, to charge a tablet, phone or other electronic gadget, has to look for a power outlet ...

After people began to use the energy of electricity to perform useful work, they immediately ran into questions of getting electrical injuries from burns that occur when exposed to electric current. For example, back in 1753, on July 26, professor of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Georg Wilhelm Richter, while conducting experiments with atmospheric electricity, died from contact with ball lightning. After this incident, such studies were immediately suspended, and the causes of what happened began to be studied.

Almost all the leaders did this after each accident to study the causes of its occurrence. As a result of the collection of accident statistics and their detailed analysis, recommendations were developed on the safe behavior of people in order to maintain their health and ensure the normal operation of the equipment. Over time, they were legally issued the requirements of the rules and regulations ...

As you know, induction motors have a three-phase winding (three separate windings) of the stator, which can form a different number of pairs of magnetic poles depending on their design, which in turn affects the rated engine speed at the rated frequency of the supplying three-phase voltage. At the same time, the rotors of this type of motor may differ, and for asynchronous motors they are short-circuited or phase. What distinguishes a squirrel-cage rotor from a phase rotor - this will be discussed in this article.

Ideas about the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction will tell us what will happen with a closed coil of a conductor placed in a rotating magnetic field, similar to the magnetic field of a stator of an induction motor. If such a coil is placed inside the stator, then when a current is supplied to the stator winding, EMF will be induced in the coil ...

The basis of the electric motor, both direct current and alternating current, is based on Ampere force. If you do not smother how it turns out, then nothing will ever be incomprehensible. In fact, there is a vector product and differentials, but these are details, and we have a simplified, special case. The direction of the ampere force is determined by the rule of the left hand. Mentally put the left palm on the upper figure and get the direction of Ampere forces. She type stretch the frame with the current in that position as shown in the picture.And nothing will turn around here, the frame is in balance, stable.

And if the frame with the current is rotated differently. There is no equilibrium here already, the Ampere force unfolds the opposite walls so that the frame begins to rotate. Mechanical rotation appears. This is the basis of the electric motor, the very essence, then only the details. What will the frame do ...