Fluorescent lamps (LL) are used for lighting and now, despite the fact that LED lamps make them a strong competition. Linear tubular lamps are more often installed in offices, garages, at enterprises, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are installed in everyday life and in the same types of premises as listed above. For them there are characteristic malfunctions, so in this article we will consider how to fix a fluorescent lamp.

Fluorescent lamps differ in the shape of a tubular bulb, they are linear and curly. It is typical for CFL, where the flask is a tube twisted into a spiral or U-shaped. This is necessary to reduce the size while maintaining the length and area of ​​the emitted surface. In the general case, the LL flask is a glass tube into which mercury vapor and inert gases are pumped. Two spirals are installed in the flask, one at each of its ends ...

Each house has a mass of household appliances, costing from units to tens and even hundreds of thousands of rubles. In order for her to serve as long as possible, she needs to be monitored, taken care of and carry out all maintenance work, if any. However, only power surges remain a danger.

In household electrical networks, they occur frequently, they can be caused by switching of powerful electrical equipment, as well as problems on the lines, such as poor contact, dilapidated supports and so on. To reduce the risk of equipment failure due to poor power supply, you can use voltage stabilizers 220V. In this article we will consider what they are and how they differ. Before starting a review of the types of electric stabilizers, we will consider what an autotransformer is, because it underlies most modern stabilizers. Autotransformer - differs from the usual prefix "auto" in the name ...

From time to time on the Internet you can find reports about how one of the cyclists was hurt by electric shock from his own bicycle when he was driving under a high-voltage power line with a voltage of 100 kV or more. No one can give exact and intelligible answers to such requests: disputes on this issue arise on the forums every now and then, however, many users of the network have guesses on this subject.

It’s one thing when it comes to step voltage, it would be quite understandable if the wire detached from the power line were in contact with the ground, and then standing on the ground someone could accidentally find themselves in the wrong place at the wrong time dangerous step voltage. This is a well-known phenomenon, for its reason in 1928 three horses died on the Leningrad pavement in one day. But in the messages given by the cyclists, the speech about the step voltage does not seem to go ...

One of the most common tasks for an “apartment” electrician is to install one or more fixtures. Usually this does not create any problem, because connecting one switch is quite simple. But often you need to make sure that the bulb turns on from several places, for example, from two, more - less often. In this article, we will consider lighting control schemes with the help of several switches.

This problem is often found in private houses on a precinct, for example, near the front door and gate, at the entrance to the courtyard, as well as in houses with several floors, so that it is possible to turn on the light from any floor and safely go down the stairs.The main problem is that if you install two ordinary switches on one lamp, then no matter how you connect them, they either must be on or both are off. Therefore, it will not work to control the lighting ...

If there is a marking on the transformer, then the question of determining its parameters is settled by itself, you just need to drive this data into the search engine and instantly get a link to the documentation for our transformer. However, marking may not be, then we need to calculate these parameters ourselves.

To determine the rated current and power of an unknown transformer by its appearance, it is necessary first of all to understand what physical parameters of the device are determining in this context. And such parameters are primarily: the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic circuit (core) and the cross-sectional area of ​​the wires of the primary and secondary windings. We will talk about single-phase transformers, the magnetic cores of which are made of transformer steel, and are designed specifically for operation from a network of 220 volts 50 Hz ...

Having decided to replace the capacitor on the printed circuit board, the first thing to do is to choose a replacement capacitor. As a rule, we are talking about an electrolytic capacitor, which, due to the exhaustion of its working life, began to create an abnormal mode for your electronic device, or the capacitor burst due to overheating, or maybe you just decided to put the capacitor newer or better.

The parameters of the replacement capacitor must certainly be suitable: its rated voltage should in no case be lower than that of the replaced capacitor, and the capacitance should not be lower, or it may be 5-10 percent higher (if this is permissible in accordance with the known circuit of this device) than it was originally. Finally, make sure that the new capacitor fits the size that its predecessor will leave. If it turns out to be a little smaller in diameter and height - not scary, but if the diameter or height is greater ...

Looking at the markings of any modern battery, whether it’s a lithium-ion cell phone battery or a lead-acid battery from an uninterruptible power supply, we can always find there information not only about the rated voltage of this power source, but also about its electric capacity.

Typically, these are numbers like: 2200 mAh (read as 2200 milliampere-hours), 4Ah (4 ampere-hours), etc. As you can see, a non-system unit of measurement - Ah (Ampere hour) - “ampere- hour ", and not at all" farad "as for capacitors. And the clock here does not appear for a reason, but for the reason that a regular battery, unlike a conventional capacitor, is able to power the load literally for hours. If you try to explain quite simply, then the battery capacity in ampere-hours is a numerical expression of how long this battery is ...

Previously, a circuit with a step-down (or step-up, or multi-winding) transformer, a diode bridge, and a filter for smoothing ripples was used to power devices. For stabilization, linear circuits were used on parametric or integrated stabilizers. The main drawback was the low efficiency and high weight and dimensions of powerful power supplies.

All modern household electrical appliances use switching power supplies (UPS, UPS - the same thing). Most of these power supplies use a PWM controller as the main control element. In this article we will consider its structure and purpose.A PWM controller is a device that contains a number of circuitry solutions for managing power keys. At the same time, control is based on information obtained through feedback circuits for current or voltage ...

A wide range of products in different price ranges is presented on the market of LED lamps and fixtures. The main difference between devices of low and medium price segments is to a greater extent not in the LEDs used, but in the power sources for them. LEDs operate from direct current, and not from the alternating current that flows in the household electrical network, and the reliability of the lamps and the mode of operation of the LEDs are more dependent on the quality of the converter.

In this article, we will look at how to protect LED lamps and extend the life of low-cost models. Everything described below is true for luminaires and lamps. The cheapest LED products use a blanking capacitor as a power source. The principle of its operation is based on the reactance of a capacitor. In simple words, the capacitor in an AC circuit is an analogue of a resistor.Hence the same disadvantages follow. ...

The dream of energy abundance for more than half a century excites the consciousness of not only specialists, but also ordinary people. Every year, energy needs are growing, while the cost of fossil resources is also growing. And the time is drawing near when non-renewable resources run out. What then will mankind do, spoiled by the availability of electrical, thermal and other types of energy resources?

About two centuries ago, when the first wells opened access to the underground storerooms of hydrocarbon fuel, few people thought how quickly they could dry out. But the rampant use of fossil fuels, in addition to meeting human energy needs, led to monstrous environmental pollution and put humanity on the brink of survival. It is time to urgently seek a replacement for fossil raw materials, to use renewable energy sources.But you just have to raise your head, look at the Sun ...

The Tesla Supercharger network is a 480-volt DC charging station system designed to quickly charge electric car batteries made by Tesla Inc. All machine models, including Tesla Model S, Model 3 and Model X, can quickly restore the life of their traction batteries, thanks to these fast charging stations.

The network began to be built in 2012, and as of the first half of 2018, there were already about 10,000 chargers in about 1250 stations in the world. The very idea of ​​the ubiquitous introduction of Tesla Supercharger charging stations was born in the company after their very first idea was not asked - “quick battery change”, which turned out to be unclaimed and unprofitable. Station chargers built using the patented direct current technology, during charging, can provide power up to 120 kW per one electric car ...

Technology for enhancing comfort is now called smart. They touched almost all spheres of life. In stores you can find smart kettles, crock-pots, light bulbs and even door locks. They will be discussed in the article. Special attention is paid to this topic, because the safety of your property, and possibly personal safety, depends on the quality and reliability of the castle. Locks come in various designs, both as a standalone device and as a superstructure over a conventional mechanical lock.

Z-wave Dana Lock fits most doors.Works in conjunction with a Z-wave controller or Z-wave gateway, except for which it is compatible with Fibaro Home Center 2 and Home Center lite controllers. It is installed instead of the core of the old castle, the mechanism remains the same. There is a video on the network about the installation process of this system.In addition to the lock, a number of products are included in the Z-wave smart home system, for example, a common controller Fibaro Home Center interacts with all connected...