An article on how to choose a professional electrician.

If you fall into pessimism, and from its "heights" look at your apartment, the picture, I tell you, seems joyless. It turns out that our apartment is an endless source of disasters.

Let's start with the smallest - you can fall out of the window (if you look through the eyes of a pessimist, it will be obvious), from the balcony you can fall. The bathroom is just a crowd of disasters. The toilet is clogged, the taps are leaking, the risers are breaking, as a result, the neighbors are drowning. But the worst danger is the wiring ...

Many people, nowadays, very often have a question about why multicore and single-core wires are needed and for what purpose this or that type is used? I will try to give a clear, clear answer to this question. To do this, we will simply consider the following items separately: the structure (structure) of the multicore and single-core wires, the scope and main advantages of each type of conductor.

A single-core wire is a wire in which the cross section is formed by one conductor (current lead, residential). A stranded wire is a wire whose cross section is formed by several, sometimes intertwined, veins. Also, to give the wire more flexibility and elasticity, a thread can be woven with veins (it resembles kapron thread in strength and composition) ...

What is so sorely lacking at the right time for a person who keeps up with progress and keeps track of all the technical innovations? Of course, outlets.

According to the law of meanness known to all of us, the sockets in our apartments are for the most part located in the most uncomfortable way, which creates a lot of problems for us, but conducting new ones is quite expensive, and extension cords are constantly breaking and terribly interfering. There is no question of convenience and comfort in such situations, but now it is no longer a problem. The inquiring mind of a person is in constant creative search, trying to make life easier for his master.

Another such “relief” this time was a hybrid of an ordinary outlet and the same ordinary extension cord ...

If you live in a house that was built 10-15 years ago, then you probably have already touched on the problems that arise with electrical wiring.

To begin with, at that time our life was not saturated with such a large number of household appliances that consume electricity. Accordingly, the wiring in old houses was done based on a small electricity consumption.

Mostly the electrical wiring was laid by builders using aluminum wires and, often, without grounding. Our time makes higher demands on wiring. But not every landlord understands that it is quite easy to change the electrical wiring in a single room or in the apartment by yourself and it is not at all necessary to contact electricians.

Advantages of self-replacement of wiring: when shutting down the walls of hired workers, they are not at all interested in how well you covered furniture from dust, whether you moved things out of the reach of dirt - they usually work “all over”, and dust and dirt happen many. With independent work, you plan your activity yourself, if necessary, you can even take out all things from any room ...

At home, we often have to work with electric tools and devices (electric drills, rotary hammers, circular saws, electric planers, etc.) at a considerable distance from the outlet.And if the extension cord has a long length (more than 25 m), it becomes difficult to unwind, wind and store it. Therefore, we decided to make a portable extension cord (see. Fig.).

The extension cord consists of a base, a pillar, and a wire-mounted reel. A plug connector is connected to one end thereof, and a plug to the other. The bobbin is mounted on the axis with the help of curly washers and is locked with the wing nut.

The stand consists of a pipe curved in the form of a bracket 1 / 2–3 / 4" and two corners welded to it. In turn, the axis on which the bobbin with the wire is mounted is welded to the top ...

A nozzle made with your hands will protect the small child from electric shock.

It is known that children like to touch sockets with their fingers, insert cloves and scissors there. They probably subconsciously try to imitate their parents in this way. In this case, the child’s hands may be exposed to electric current. And needles, small pins, paper clips, screws, screws and nails can remain inside the electrical outlet and cause a short circuit in it. At the same time, a short circuit can be a source of fire in your apartment. To prevent this, of course, you can install a factory outlet with a fuse, or you can make such protection yourself.

To do this, it is necessary to prepare a protective disk made of thin plastic with a thickness of 2-3 mm, dimensions along the inner diameter of the socket for the plug in the socket. Drill two holes for the plug in our disk - false panel ...

Electricity consumption varies with the time of day. In the morning and evening, consumption increases significantly due to the lighting network and household load, during the day - due to industrial consumers. The lowest consumption occurs at night.

Uneven energy consumption leads to an unstable load of power plants, which adversely affects the operation of their equipment. For a uniform load, generators of neighboring power plants are included in parallel operation.

High-voltage power lines included in a single system form a closed ring, which provides two-way power to consumers. When the load increases, additional generators are turned on, and when the load decreases, standby generators are turned off.

All these technical measures are designed to ensure uniform loading of the power system throughout the day. However, in addition to technical measures, there are economic measures. These include a multi-tariff electricity metering system ...

In most multi-storey buildings, stairwells usually have an electrical panel, where there are meters and circuit breakers for all apartments on the site. However, in detached houses and in the old fund, electricity panels often have to be installed on their own. And given the increased power consumption in our time, the installation of an electrical panel becomes a necessity.

You can purchase an electric switchboard with a single-phase electric meter and circuit breakers, either completed already assembled or assembled in parts. Personally, I recommend the first option to you, because finding such parts so that they all fit in the shield and can be securely fixed there is not easy.

Most importantly, before purchasing an electricity meter, you should consult your local energy sales department about this. That is, in a campaign that takes money from you for consumed electricity. The fact is that electric meters can be very different, both according to the principle of action, and according to their technical characteristics. This is mainly power and accuracy class.You need to find out these data in the energy supply from the controllers, write them down, and it is also advisable to find out the address of the store where these meters are sold. Usually, energy sales workers are willing to share this data, since then they themselves will be less trouble.

After you have decided on the choice of the meter, you need to first find out in the electrics store whether there is a ready-made panel with such an electric meter and circuit breakers (“automatic machines”). If there is, then you are lucky. And if not, then you have to buy everything separately. In this case, you will need: an electric meter, a shield (a box in which the meter and "automatic machines" will fit), circuit breakers (the number is determined by the number of power lines), a bar for installing "automatic machines" (din rail), a copper contact plate for connecting 8- 10 wires and 1 meter of copper three-core cable with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm for wiring ...