One of the most common tasks for an “apartment” electrician is to install one or more fixtures. Usually this does not create any problem, because connecting one switch is quite simple. But often you need to make sure that the bulb turns on from several places, for example, from two, more - less often. In this article, we will consider lighting control schemes with the help of several switches.

This problem is often found in private houses on a precautionary site, for example, near the front door and the gate, at the entrance to the courtyard, as well as in houses with several floors, so that it is possible to turn on the light from any floor and safely go down the stairs. The main problem is that if you install two ordinary switches on one lamp, then no matter how you connect them, they either must be on or both are off. Therefore, it will not work to control the lighting ...

For electricity, you need to pay, as well as for any other resources and services. In order not to let yourself be deceived when paying, you need to learn how to calculate its expense. There are special devices for this, for example, an individual meter, which is installed in each house or apartment. However, it shows the total consumption, and how to calculate the electricity consumption by a separate device we will describe in this article.

The main characteristics of electrical appliances are voltage, current and power. At the same time, either all three parameters, or in a selective manner, can be indicated on the case or in the instrument passport. In Russia and neighboring countries, electrical appliances are used that are designed for a voltage of 220 V AC, in America, for comparison, there may be a voltage of 110 or 120 V. In the passport of the device, depending on the particular case, in explicit form, the power may not be indicated at all, but the electricity consumption ...

Modern household electrical panels are significantly different from those that were in the last century. Particular changes were related to the assembly of the circuit and the breakdown of consumers into groups, as well as the introduction of protective devices such as RCDs or difavtomatov. The materials used have also changed. But first things first, in this article we will talk about the features of the assembly of modern electrical panels.

Usually, a counter, fuses with fuses or automatic plugs were installed in apartments, and that’s all, then there was wiring in the rooms. In the best case, a counter was installed with two pairs of traffic jams, then the load could be distributed among the rooms and the ability to disconnect each of them separately. Now in apartments there are more powerful consumers of the electric power and, at least, separate automatic switches. As a result, the approximate wiring diagram of a modern apartment will turn out this ...

In all power grids, voltage surges periodically occur that can damage electrical equipment. Network surges for electronics are especially dangerous. To protect themselves from them, people use stabilizers and voltage relays. Voltage relay - a device that disconnects the mains from the load with abnormal voltage values ​​in it.

On modern common voltage relays there is a display or a group of seven-segment LED indicators and several buttons for setting the operating mode. The display or indicators usually show voltage. Less often, there are two of them, and the second displays current. You can configure the extreme voltage values ​​(upper and lower limits) at which you need to turn off the power to consumers.Depending on the model, LEDs can be installed to indicate network status, operation mode and current position in the setup menu ...

To repair the old wiring or laying a new one, you need to select the cable of the desired cross section in order to withstand the expected load. If the old wiring is out of order you need to replace it, but before changing it to a similar one, find out why there was a problem with the old one. It is possible that there was simply mechanical damage, or the insulation became unusable, and an even more significant problem is the failure of the wiring due to exceeding the permissible load.

What is the difference between cable products, what are the main characteristics? To begin with, it is determined what voltage in the network in which the cables will work. For household networks, cables and wires of the VVG, PUGNP type are often used (only it is forbidden by modern PUE requirements due to the large tolerances for the cross section during production, up to 30%, and the permissible insulation layer thickness is 0.3 mm, versus 0.4 in PUE) ШВВП and others. If you move away from the definitions, the wire from the cable differs minimally ...

Since the 19th century, people have been using electricity, paying money for it. During this time, many methods of calculation between electricity supplying organizations and consumers have been tested, but, time has shown that the best option is to automatically record the work performed by the devices with their subsequent payment on the fact. To this end, manufacturers of electrical equipment produce electric meters that take into account the energy consumed by the consumer in various ways.

Nowadays, two of their types are widespread: induction devices of old models, operating on the basis of an electromechanical design, static products using electronic components and microprocessor technology. Both types of these devices work according to one general principle: they constantly consider the power passing through them and display this information on a counting mechanism or display...

An electrical distribution panel is the heart of home wiring, so if you need to replace wiring in an apartment or house, one of the main issues is the choice of an electrical panel. In this article, we will consider the question of how to choose the right electrical panel for an apartment and a house. If we are talking about choosing an electrical panel for the apartment, then in this case, usually one panel is installed, which is installed in the hallway (corridor) of the apartment. In this case, the metering panel is usually installed on the floor, in the entrance.

The metering and distribution board on the floor can be shared by several apartments. It installs apartment metering devices, a group circuit breaker and circuit breakers individually for each apartment. The case of this shield is usually made of metal, on the front side there should be inserts of glass or transparent plastic to be able to remove ...

A voltage stabilizer is a device connected to a common electrical network and designed to maintain the output voltage within certain limits with significant fluctuations in the input voltage. When installed at the input of power supply to the apartment, this device, depending on the functionality, normalizes the parameters of the output current, and when deviations go beyond the established framework, it blocks the power supply to all electrical equipment or individual devices.

Measurement of the voltage of the mains current at different periods of the day for a sufficiently long time will help to solve this problem.In accordance with the international requirements of IEC 60038: 2009, the values ​​should be in the range 220-240 V. In Russia, the range 198-253 V. is allowed. In most cases, the quality of power supply in multi-apartment buildings meets the standards. If, as a result of measurements, they were revealed ...