The connection of the conductors of wires of any electrical wiring should be done only with certified clamps, simple twisting, even with the use of electrical tape, are not allowed. When it comes to household wiring, the caps insulating caps of PPE are very often used as such clamps.

The main reason for their mass distribution is ease of use. What are they like?

The PPE cap is, oddly enough, really a cap made of plastic compound that does not support combustion. Inside this cap is a conical metal spring. When the PPE is twisted with effort into twisting, the coil of the spring moves apart and compresses the wires of the wires, and the plastic cover of the cap provides electrical insulation, fire protection ...

The process of placing outlets is creative on the one hand, and on the other, it requires the use of logic and accurate calculation.

Let's figure out how to correctly place the sockets on the example of a standard three-room apartment with a bedroom, a nursery and a hall. There are no approved rules for the placement of outlets in the apartment. The most important rule: sockets should be enough for everything and they should be in convenient places.

In the children's room, the most appropriate placement of the outlet block is near the desktop, and you need to add an outlet on the Internet to 3-4 electrical outlets. If a TV is planned in the room, then 1-2 sockets are placed near it. You can provide a socket for a nightlight ...

The first fluorescent lamps were created in the USA in the 30s of the last century. Their active implementation began in the 50s and 60s. Currently, fluorescent lamps in their distribution occupy the second place in the world after incandescent lamps.

One of the main disadvantages of conventional linear fluorescent lamps is their size. Manufacturers of fluorescent lamps have always sought to reduce their size. And only in the 80s after the creation of new high-quality phosphors it was possible to reduce the diameter of the lamp tube to 12 mm and bent it many times to get a lamp with a compact design. Over time, lamp manufacturers managed to reduce their size and weight so much that they became able to replace incandescent lamps almost everywhere. So a compact fluorescent lamp was born ...

Overview of different types of circuit breakers with prices and features

Circuit breakers are present in any modern building, usually they are mounted on a 35mm DIN rail. The exception is the previously widely used black “automatic machines” of the AE series, which are now better not to use, because they are inferior to modern in all respects except the price.

Circuit breakers (automatic machines) are devices for protecting electrical circuits from overloads and short circuit currents.

A critical situation in the electrical circuit occurs when the load is too powerful, or during a short circuit. To understand how the circuit breaker saves in these situations, you need to understand its principle of operation. When the current in the circuit of the machine exceeds the working one by a factor of several, the thermal release is activated ...

Laying methods and materials used in open wiring.

RThere are two types of wiring - it is hidden and open. As a rule, hidden wiring is better than open in terms of room design and energy performance, as wires under a layer of plaster are cooled better than in the open air and their routes and junction boxes do not interfere with the arrangement of furniture and equipment.

However, in addition to the advantages, hidden wiring has its drawbacks. This is the need for wall shredding and their subsequent restoration, the complexity of the work performed, construction waste, the need to stop technological processes inside the premises, the complexity of subsequent diagnostics and modernization. Open wiring is often done inside buildings when changing ownership; it is much faster, cheaper, and you can easily add or remove its segments in the future ...

In order to improve the electrical safety conditions when operating lighting systems, in some cases it is recommended to use lamps not for 220V voltage, but much lower. As a rule, such lighting is arranged in humid rooms: basements, cellars, and bathrooms.

For these purposes, mainly halogen lamps with an operating voltage of 12V are currently used. The power of such lamps is provided through electronic transformers, the internal structure of which will be discussed a little later. In the meantime, a few words about the regular use of these devices.

Externally, the electronic transformer is a small metal or plastic box, from which 4 wires come out: two input with the inscription ~ 220V, and two output ~ 12V ...

Dimmers (dimmers for controlling light) is a miniature device that is installed instead of the usual, standard mechanical switch, which allows you to smoothly adjust the brightness of artificial lighting.

The first, a mechanical dimmer, was invented in the 1890s to slowly darken theater lighting. The primacy of this invention belongs to the inventor - self-taught, an ardent fan of Melpomene from the United States, Granville Woods.

All dimmers are designed to turn on / off the lighting and adjust its intensity. In addition, many models provide other useful features. For example automatic shutdown by timer, imitation of presence, smooth shutdown, remote control ...

Often there are situations when you plug into an electrical outlet, and you hear crackling from it, smoke is coming in or the outlet is just very loose. In such cases, repairs are needed. If you want to do this yourself, you will need: a flat and Phillips screwdriver, pliers, electrical tape and indicator.

Before starting any work, it is necessary to turn off all the machines, switches on the meter (they should have the inscriptions "ON" "OFF", or "ON" "OFF", switch to "OFF" "OFF") and unscrew all the fuses, this it must be done very carefully so that no live parts can rush about. As soon as we de-energize everything, we need to check on the outlet that we will repair, the presence of voltage, using the indicator ...